Wire and cable products are mainly divided into four categories: power cables, overhead cables, communication cables and optical cables.
Wire and cable special resins include cable insulation materials and cable sheathing materials. The raw materials used are mainly polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. At present, domestic 6 kV and above power cables have all been cross-linked with polyethylene; low voltage cables below 1 kV are mainly PVC insulated and PVC sheathed, but due to PVC stability and electrical insulation Poor quality, therefore, is increasingly being replaced by polyethylene; the communication cable is generally made of high-density polyethylene as the insulation layer, with linear low-density polyethylene as the jacket layer; the optical fiber cable is mainly made of high-density polyethylene and Medium density polyethylene sheathing material.
In the mid-1990s, China has become the third largest wire and cable producer in the world after the United States and Japan. Relevant experts predict that in the next few years, with the implementation of the transformation of urban power grids and the “West-to-East power transmission†of western development, China’s wire and cable production will surpass Japan and become the world’s second largest wire and cable producer.
At present, China has a total of more than 3,000 wire and cable manufacturing companies, of which mostly small businesses, mainly in the southeastern coastal provinces. Judging from the survey, most cable manufacturers produce both power cables and communication cables and optical cables. In 2011, the total demand for polyethylene cable in China was 180-185 kt. At present, the production of cable materials in China can be roughly divided into several situations: First, the production of chemical industry companies. Representative enterprises are Shanghai Chemical Plant, Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical, Daqing Petrochemical, etc. They all have cable material products and have their own market share in China.
The other is the cable factory's own production of cable materials, basically for the purpose of self-sufficiency of the enterprise, there are also a small amount of export, many of these companies. Zhengzhou Cable Plant, Beijing Cable Plant, Hebei Yongjin Cable Group and Tianjin Angel Group Co., Ltd. all have their own cable material production workshops.
The third kind is professional cable production enterprises.
In recent years, China's cable material production enterprises have made great progress. In particular, some private enterprises have greatly improved their production scale, product structure adjustment and new product development in accordance with market demand. In terms of high-voltage cable materials, some internationally renowned companies still occupy the domestic market for cable materials.
1.1 Insulation materials for power cables (1) Power cables China's power cables are classified into three categories according to the withstand voltage level: 1 kV low-voltage cable, 10 to 35 kV high-voltage cable, and 110 kV and above EHV cable. Among them, the largest demand is 1 ~ 35 kV cable. China's cross-linked power cable production line has more than 100, of which one-third can produce high-voltage cross-linked cable.
Power cables are huge users of cable materials, and 2/3 of the cable material manufacturers produce power cable insulation.
For the power cable of urban and rural power grids with “two networks†transformation, the market situation in the past two years continues to be promising. The annual demand for medium-voltage cables of 6-35kV may reach approximately 35,000km, while the 110kV EHV cables may reach approximately 800km. 10kV cross-linked cable is 600mm, 220kV cross-linked cable is 1000mm, while China's 10kV cable is available in a small size, with a cross-sectional area of ​​150mm, with 3-core 150mm as the representative specification, about every kilometer of cable insulation and semi-conductive shielding The material is 1.1t, in which the insulation material is 800kg, the inner semiconductive shielding material is 90kg, and the outer semiconductive shielding material is 210kg.
China's power grid needs a large number of 1 to 10 kV overhead insulated cables, which can amount to tens of thousands of kilometers. Each year, it consumes thousands of tons of silicon burned and irradiated cross-linked polyethylene products. Low-voltage cables are mainly made of silicon-fired cross-linked polyethylene materials. The current situation of silicon-fired cross-linked polyethylene materials is oversupply, and the annual output is about 50,000 km. A relatively large production company has a production line capable of producing 7000 tons per year.
Cross-linkable polyethylene is the main insulation material in the production of power cables in China. At present, cross-linked materials for medium-voltage cables (10 kV class) can be self-sufficient in domestic use, and the annual usage is approximately 18,000 to 22,000 tons. In addition, the current demand for semi-conductive shielding material in our country is approximately 2200 tons, and the demand for external semi-conductive shielding material is 5000 tons.
China's current high-voltage cables can be basically all imported cross-linked materials, the amount of approximately 1500 ~ 2000t per year. At present, several large groups have been formed in the cable insulation industry in the world. As we all know, the United States and the Borealis Group have strong financial and technical strength. Domestic cable companies and cable companies are currently in a state of decentralized management. They cannot form large companies and large groups, and they face difficulties in the fierce competition in the market. From the current domestic 35kV and below medium-voltage cable insulation materials and shielding materials, the stability is poor, the quality is not guaranteed. From the perspective of the company's equipment, many cable materials companies lack the technology and testing methods, and some plants do not have rheological characteristics measurement equipment. , No insulation material moisture testing equipment, no impurity detection equipment. These are the minimum detection devices abroad. Major foreign companies have infrared spectrophotometers, mass spectrometers and other insulation structure analysis equipment, are equipped with such as thermal differential scanning and analysis equipment to test the physical and chemical properties of insulating materials, some large companies also have large-scale high magnification microscope and other microscopic analysis equipment , with a variety of new technologies and new formulas. It should be said that if the products of China's cable production enterprises enter the field of 110kV high-voltage cable insulation materials, it will enter the high-tech fields of the cable material industry. The current demand for 110kV cables in China is about 500km/year, and this year it can reach 800km/year. The super-clean insulation material per kilometer cable needs about 2.5t, which has good technical and economic benefits. If some of China's well-established insulating material plants and foreign large companies are jointly operated, and the use of foreign technology and funds to develop and produce ultra-high voltage cable materials, it is possible to speed up the process of localization of medium and high voltage insulation materials.
In 2010, China's power cable and overhead insulated cables required about 87 kt of polyethylene cable. Since China is now at the peak of the transformation of urban and rural power grids, the demand for cross-linked power cables is also close to the peak, so the total cable demand in the next 2 to 3 years will not have much growth. However, considering that the process of replacing low-voltage polyethylene cable insulation with polyvinyl chloride will accelerate, the total demand for polyethylene power cable in the country will still increase in the next few years, with an estimated growth rate of 8% to 10%.
There are many manufacturers of 11 kV low voltage cable 1 kV XLPE insulated cables, most of which are small plants. At present, more than 90% of domestic 1 kV power cables still use PVC insulation. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have banned the use of PVC insulated cables in tall buildings and public places in the early 1980s. China's large-scale power supply bureaus (such as Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin) have stipulated that they will no longer be used in distribution networks. Vinyl chloride plastic cable. Therefore, the demand for low-voltage silane-crosslinked cables will increase significantly.
210 ~ 35 kV high voltage cable domestic 10 ~ 35 kV XLPE insulated cable production capacity is large, the production line is more than 100, basically chemical crosslinking production.
There are 29 cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable production lines with 110kV and above domestic ultra-high voltage cables of 3110 kV and above, with an annual production capacity of 4000km. In 1999, due to the transformation of urban power grids, the annual output of 110kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables jumped to 800km, and will be stable to around 1,000km per year in the next few years. Domestic insulation materials for cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables of 110kV and above are currently all imported. The domestic supply of sheathing materials is barrier-free, and generally adopts GH type black high-density polyethylene sheath material conforming to GB15065-1994. At present, the demand for cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable material of 110kV and above is about 1kt.
4 overhead cable overhead cables are classified into 1 kV and 10 kV. Cross-linked polyethylene insulation is mainly used for 10 kV overhead cables, and polyvinyl chloride is the main cable for 1 kV overhead cables. The country currently has about 150 10 kV overhead cable production plants, most of which use chemical cross-linked production. The demand for aerial polyethylene cable in 2011 was approximately 20kt.
(2) Communication cables Since the end of the 1980s, with the construction of domestic telephone networks, the communication cable manufacturing industry has expanded rapidly. To date, 230 production lines have been introduced, with line speeds ranging from 600 to 2 000 m/min, plus domestic production lines. More than 400, the production capacity has exceeded 90 million pairs of kilometers, the production capacity has been surplus.
China's telecommunications cable market consumes 70 million pairs of kilometers, plus 800,000 cases (four pairs) of high-speed data transmission cables, and the total consumption of insulation materials for communication cables is about 49 kt. The cable sheathing for telecommunication cables is calculated at 5 t per 10,000 kilometer basis. The market demand for communication cable sheathing materials is about 35 kt.
At present, China's telecommunications cable insulation and sheathing total demand for polyethylene cable is about 84 kt. In the next few years, as local cables are gradually replaced by optical cables, the demand for ordinary communications polyethylene cable materials will also gradually decrease, but high-speed data transmission cable materials will continue to increase.
(3) Optical cable sheathing China's optical fiber cable construction is in a period of rapid development. There are more than 200 optical cable manufacturers in the country. In 2011, the national demand for optical cables was 410,000 optical cable kilometers long. Calculated with a polyethylene sheath material of 80 kg per kilometre, the demand for cable sheathing material in China in 2011 was approximately 35 kt. At present, cable sheathing materials are mainly supplied and supplied by domestic manufacturers.
1.2 Insulating materials for electrical equipment lines In various projects, the amount of flame-retardant cables has gradually increased, and fire-resistant cables have also been included in one of the fire codes. Power cables, control cables, signal cables, instrumentation cables, computer cables, thermocouples Cables, etc., are all required to be flame-retardant. In recent years, fire-fighting departments in some regions have demanded the use of halogen-free flame-retardant materials, so low-halogen-element halogen materials are the development direction. The current use of a relatively large amount of low-halogen halogen thermoplastic sheath material, a small amount of cross-linkable sheath material. In addition, there are some high-demanding projects. Cable insulation requires the use of cross-linkable low-monoxide halogen materials. At present, most of the low-alcohol halogen sheathing materials are imported materials, and their localization requirements are still the subject of domestic cable material production enterprises. It is estimated that the amount of halogen sheath material in the near future can reach 1000t. Due to the wide range of use of electrical wires and cables for electrical equipment, users have various requirements for the equipment line. The user's use requires 100% transfer to the requirements for cable materials.
(1) Mechanical motor lead-in cables, automotive low-voltage cables, locomotives and vehicle wires, oil platform cables, etc., have different performance requirements, such as tensile strength, elongation at break and so on.
(2) Flame-retardant properties include flame-retardant or non-flame-retardant, halogen-containing or halogen-free, smoke density, etc.
(3) Insulation properties include aging temperature and index, insulation thickness, volume resistivity, and so on.
(4) Process properties include easy tearing, easy peeling, etc.
(5) Fracture resistance Under very poor working conditions in mines, mine cables require a certain mechanical strength of the outer insulation layer.
(6) Other properties include scratch resistance, oil resistance, ultra-thin, etc.
These indicators restrict each other, can not use a brand to meet all product requirements, in fact there is no all-round brand. The temperature rating of this type of wire and cable can be considered at five levels of 90°C, 105°C, 125°C, 135°C, and 150°C. The chemical properties focus on improving the oil resistance, the mechanical properties focus on improving the elongation at break and maintaining the appropriate tensile strength, the process performance is focused on improving the amount of glue and ensuring the smooth surface, in addition to the ultra-thin insulated wire and cable material, its impurities should be controlled. Improve scratch resistance.
In terms of market forecasting, from the statistics of previous years, the use of electrical wires to calculate the current year when the output reached 2000km, the annual use of energy-saving cable materials for other uses because of the complexity of the line, Yuan method to predict market demand.
1.3 Semi-conducting shielding materials Semi-conducting shielding materials are necessary supporting materials for medium and high voltage power cables. It was initially considered that the semi-conducting layer shielding layer functions as a uniform electric field, and long-term operation experience shows that semi-conducting shielding has a greater relationship with the service life of cables. For example, the cleanliness of shielding, the bonding of shielding and insulation, and the migration of impurities.
These have latent effects on the cable. The semi-conductive shielding material used for high-voltage and ultra-high voltage cross-over cables in foreign countries has high requirements for indicators, and domestic technology is not used. Currently, it is dependent on imports. In the case of shielding materials for 10kV power cables, the properties and processes of domestic materials are also not very satisfactory. The ratio of the internal and external shielding materials and insulation materials is approximately 400:100. It is estimated that the annual amount of shielding materials in China will be 8000 to 10,000 tons.
Heat tracing cables (also known as self-controlled temperature heating cables) belong to the other two product areas and are basically not produced in China. The main reason is that positive temperature coefficient electric heating materials (also known as PTCR effect) are not supplied domestically, and the products are completely dependent on imports. The profits of such products and materials are very rich and it is expected that localization will be realized in the near future.
2 The prediction of the cable industry in 2011 predicts that the total amount of plastics consumed by China's domestic cable industry (power cables, equipment lines, and communication cables) is about 30t/year, of which polyethylene cable is about 16t, including insulation, sheathing, and resistance. Fuels account for 60% of the total; the rest are mainly polyethylene cable materials, including insulation, sheathing and all crosslinkable polyethylene. It is predicted that the number of cross-linkable materials and low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant materials will increase significantly in 201 years.
2.1 Products to be developed in China's cable industry (1) Semi-conductive fastening belts The national standard requires a semi-conductive fastening tape outside the 500mm2 cable conductor. Its purpose is to tighten the conductor to prevent the conductor from loosening during processing. The cable scratches and damages the mold, and the semi-conductive layer can be embedded in large-section conductors. Users of this type of power supply bureau are also very welcome. The insulation can be easily peeled off from the conductor. It is also hoped that the water-proof cable produced recently. The tie has a water blocking function and will have a better market price in the medium voltage cable.
(2) Conductor Water Blocking Material 1EC60502-97 has provided a test method for a longitudinal water-blocking cable to produce a conductor water-blocking cable. In China, Zhengzhou, Shenyang and other places have been able to produce water-blocking expansion yarns for water-blocking conductors. The product can also be used for the corrosion of conductors of aluminum core overhead insulated wire after entering the water, and has a broad market.
(3) Ultra-smooth inner semi-conducting material In the national standard, a plastic semi-conductive material can be used instead of conductive cross-linked material for low-voltage cables. Cross-linked ultra-smooth material should be used for high-voltage cables.
(4) The domestic manufacturers of fillers for large-section cables filled with three-core cable fillers are too rigid.
(5) PE sheathed conductive coating outside the country has been able to produce PVC sheathed conductive coating outside the conductive conductivity is good, but for the PE sheath, the country can not produce conductive coating materials.
(6) Halogen-free flame retardant cable isolation layer Although the demand for fire-retardant cables is large due to the requirement of fire prevention, the halogen cable is also produced, but due to the high cost of halogen-free cable materials, halogen-based flame-retardant cables are still the majority in China. In recent years, some units have produced oxygen-barrier cables for use in oil fields. In the cable, the cable insulation layer is replaced with a fire-retardant layer with a high content of flame retardant, which can pass Class A and B fire tests. However, the outer barrier requires sufficient mechanical properties, but also flame retardant. At present, there are not many companies that can produce such halogen-free flame retardant cable insulation at home.
(7) Oil-resistant general PVC cable materials are not oil resistant, but the machines used in machine tools, automobiles, and manufacturing processes must be oil resistant. At present, some companies produce oil-resistant PVC materials. Unfortunately, many users do not know about the lack of market promotion.
(8) Matt materials At present, the equipment for indoor information office needs a kind of wire that looks and feels soft and matt leather. This requires the use of matt materials. Domestic use of micro-crosslinked PVC can increase the production of formulas. Plasticizers with matt effect, but there are not many manufacturers.
(9) Irradiation of cross-linked cable materials Irradiation of PVC electrical materials is not used in China, but changes have occurred in recent years. First, the automotive industry requires the use of irradiated PVC electrical materials; second, the application of cross-linked cables in buildings. Gradually increased. Cable and material manufacturers must develop more of these products.
The world-renowned cable manufacturer advanced product introduction (1) United States Letters Nylon ----6, the product name is CERON8224HSL, the brand products of the letter, was UL certified, this material is made of polyethylene sheathing line in the building, electrical appliances, The automotive industry has been widely used. This type of wire is in the United States model THWN, and the Chinese model is BVN. Its performance is better than that of the BV. It is thin and has a long life.
(2) Nordic company's product "Cask." New halogen low-smoke flame-retardant cable, the overall performance of general aluminum hydroxide materials, for construction, electrical appliances, installation lines.
(3) The halogen-free, low-smoke and flame-retardant cable produced by ECC of Norway is fully chromatographic. The cable material conforms to EIA, RAL, IEE and BS standards. There are also some promising cable materials: UV absorbers for PVC. Anti-oxidants for cross-linked cables, antioxidants for cross-linked cables, metal deactivators, rodent-repellent agents, etc. These cables can be used directly for extrusion without the addition of additives.
(4) “REm-uNK†is a new low-cost cross-linked polyethylene cable material launched by U.S. United Carbon Co., Ltd., which is a copolymerization method silicon-germanium cross-linked polyethylene series material. When used, the weight ratio of AB material mixed first is 1:1. Since the two kinds of materials have the same particle shape and the same specific gravity, it is also possible to mix the same volumetric proportions and eliminate weighing procedures. The storage period of this material is very long. It is reported that under normal conditions, it can be stored for 5 years. Even if the leftover material after opening is stored well, it can be kept for several days or even 10 days. The prior cross-linking of the process can be completely eliminated and the selling price reduced. It is especially recommended for low-voltage power cables, control cables, instrumentation cables, and other products.
(5) "CAI3LmAM" is a patented product of Isola, which is a single-side reinforced mica tape and impregnated with a heat-resistant adhesive. According to different types of reinforcing materials, it can be divided into two types. The fire-resistant cable can pass the BS6378750C3h water spray fire test and DIN4102 1011C90min fire test standard.
(6) The special products introduced by Hanna Wilson (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. are all kinds of color masterbatch. Color masterbatch chromatography and variety. Color masterbatch for polyethylene can meet EIA, China Machinery Information Network Yb HG6h RAL, IEC and 3 hydrogen and other standards. Other cable materials and engineering plastics such as: PVC, PP, EVA, XLPE, PB, TT, PU, ​​PA, etc., have special color masterbatch brands. In addition, a large class of products with promising future are masterbatches for various purposes with functional additives, such as UV absorbers for polyvinyl chloride, antioxidants for cross-linked polyethylene, and antioxidants for polyethylene. Short UV protectants for poly and enes, metal deactivators (also known as purifiers), nucleating agents for foam insulation, UV stabilizers with EVA as carrier, TPLJm UV protectants, flame retardants for combustion (halogenated) , TPU flame retardant, anti-rat bites, antibacterial agents and so on.
Wire and cable special resins include cable insulation materials and cable sheathing materials. The raw materials used are mainly polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. At present, domestic 6 kV and above power cables have all been cross-linked with polyethylene; low voltage cables below 1 kV are mainly PVC insulated and PVC sheathed, but due to PVC stability and electrical insulation Poor quality, therefore, is increasingly being replaced by polyethylene; the communication cable is generally made of high-density polyethylene as the insulation layer, with linear low-density polyethylene as the jacket layer; the optical fiber cable is mainly made of high-density polyethylene and Medium density polyethylene sheathing material.
In the mid-1990s, China has become the third largest wire and cable producer in the world after the United States and Japan. Relevant experts predict that in the next few years, with the implementation of the transformation of urban power grids and the “West-to-East power transmission†of western development, China’s wire and cable production will surpass Japan and become the world’s second largest wire and cable producer.
At present, China has a total of more than 3,000 wire and cable manufacturing companies, of which mostly small businesses, mainly in the southeastern coastal provinces. Judging from the survey, most cable manufacturers produce both power cables and communication cables and optical cables. In 2011, the total demand for polyethylene cable in China was 180-185 kt. At present, the production of cable materials in China can be roughly divided into several situations: First, the production of chemical industry companies. Representative enterprises are Shanghai Chemical Plant, Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical, Daqing Petrochemical, etc. They all have cable material products and have their own market share in China.
The other is the cable factory's own production of cable materials, basically for the purpose of self-sufficiency of the enterprise, there are also a small amount of export, many of these companies. Zhengzhou Cable Plant, Beijing Cable Plant, Hebei Yongjin Cable Group and Tianjin Angel Group Co., Ltd. all have their own cable material production workshops.
The third kind is professional cable production enterprises.
In recent years, China's cable material production enterprises have made great progress. In particular, some private enterprises have greatly improved their production scale, product structure adjustment and new product development in accordance with market demand. In terms of high-voltage cable materials, some internationally renowned companies still occupy the domestic market for cable materials.
1.1 Insulation materials for power cables (1) Power cables China's power cables are classified into three categories according to the withstand voltage level: 1 kV low-voltage cable, 10 to 35 kV high-voltage cable, and 110 kV and above EHV cable. Among them, the largest demand is 1 ~ 35 kV cable. China's cross-linked power cable production line has more than 100, of which one-third can produce high-voltage cross-linked cable.
Power cables are huge users of cable materials, and 2/3 of the cable material manufacturers produce power cable insulation.
For the power cable of urban and rural power grids with “two networks†transformation, the market situation in the past two years continues to be promising. The annual demand for medium-voltage cables of 6-35kV may reach approximately 35,000km, while the 110kV EHV cables may reach approximately 800km. 10kV cross-linked cable is 600mm, 220kV cross-linked cable is 1000mm, while China's 10kV cable is available in a small size, with a cross-sectional area of ​​150mm, with 3-core 150mm as the representative specification, about every kilometer of cable insulation and semi-conductive shielding The material is 1.1t, in which the insulation material is 800kg, the inner semiconductive shielding material is 90kg, and the outer semiconductive shielding material is 210kg.
China's power grid needs a large number of 1 to 10 kV overhead insulated cables, which can amount to tens of thousands of kilometers. Each year, it consumes thousands of tons of silicon burned and irradiated cross-linked polyethylene products. Low-voltage cables are mainly made of silicon-fired cross-linked polyethylene materials. The current situation of silicon-fired cross-linked polyethylene materials is oversupply, and the annual output is about 50,000 km. A relatively large production company has a production line capable of producing 7000 tons per year.
Cross-linkable polyethylene is the main insulation material in the production of power cables in China. At present, cross-linked materials for medium-voltage cables (10 kV class) can be self-sufficient in domestic use, and the annual usage is approximately 18,000 to 22,000 tons. In addition, the current demand for semi-conductive shielding material in our country is approximately 2200 tons, and the demand for external semi-conductive shielding material is 5000 tons.
China's current high-voltage cables can be basically all imported cross-linked materials, the amount of approximately 1500 ~ 2000t per year. At present, several large groups have been formed in the cable insulation industry in the world. As we all know, the United States and the Borealis Group have strong financial and technical strength. Domestic cable companies and cable companies are currently in a state of decentralized management. They cannot form large companies and large groups, and they face difficulties in the fierce competition in the market. From the current domestic 35kV and below medium-voltage cable insulation materials and shielding materials, the stability is poor, the quality is not guaranteed. From the perspective of the company's equipment, many cable materials companies lack the technology and testing methods, and some plants do not have rheological characteristics measurement equipment. , No insulation material moisture testing equipment, no impurity detection equipment. These are the minimum detection devices abroad. Major foreign companies have infrared spectrophotometers, mass spectrometers and other insulation structure analysis equipment, are equipped with such as thermal differential scanning and analysis equipment to test the physical and chemical properties of insulating materials, some large companies also have large-scale high magnification microscope and other microscopic analysis equipment , with a variety of new technologies and new formulas. It should be said that if the products of China's cable production enterprises enter the field of 110kV high-voltage cable insulation materials, it will enter the high-tech fields of the cable material industry. The current demand for 110kV cables in China is about 500km/year, and this year it can reach 800km/year. The super-clean insulation material per kilometer cable needs about 2.5t, which has good technical and economic benefits. If some of China's well-established insulating material plants and foreign large companies are jointly operated, and the use of foreign technology and funds to develop and produce ultra-high voltage cable materials, it is possible to speed up the process of localization of medium and high voltage insulation materials.
In 2010, China's power cable and overhead insulated cables required about 87 kt of polyethylene cable. Since China is now at the peak of the transformation of urban and rural power grids, the demand for cross-linked power cables is also close to the peak, so the total cable demand in the next 2 to 3 years will not have much growth. However, considering that the process of replacing low-voltage polyethylene cable insulation with polyvinyl chloride will accelerate, the total demand for polyethylene power cable in the country will still increase in the next few years, with an estimated growth rate of 8% to 10%.
There are many manufacturers of 11 kV low voltage cable 1 kV XLPE insulated cables, most of which are small plants. At present, more than 90% of domestic 1 kV power cables still use PVC insulation. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have banned the use of PVC insulated cables in tall buildings and public places in the early 1980s. China's large-scale power supply bureaus (such as Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin) have stipulated that they will no longer be used in distribution networks. Vinyl chloride plastic cable. Therefore, the demand for low-voltage silane-crosslinked cables will increase significantly.
210 ~ 35 kV high voltage cable domestic 10 ~ 35 kV XLPE insulated cable production capacity is large, the production line is more than 100, basically chemical crosslinking production.
There are 29 cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable production lines with 110kV and above domestic ultra-high voltage cables of 3110 kV and above, with an annual production capacity of 4000km. In 1999, due to the transformation of urban power grids, the annual output of 110kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables jumped to 800km, and will be stable to around 1,000km per year in the next few years. Domestic insulation materials for cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables of 110kV and above are currently all imported. The domestic supply of sheathing materials is barrier-free, and generally adopts GH type black high-density polyethylene sheath material conforming to GB15065-1994. At present, the demand for cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable material of 110kV and above is about 1kt.
4 overhead cable overhead cables are classified into 1 kV and 10 kV. Cross-linked polyethylene insulation is mainly used for 10 kV overhead cables, and polyvinyl chloride is the main cable for 1 kV overhead cables. The country currently has about 150 10 kV overhead cable production plants, most of which use chemical cross-linked production. The demand for aerial polyethylene cable in 2011 was approximately 20kt.
(2) Communication cables Since the end of the 1980s, with the construction of domestic telephone networks, the communication cable manufacturing industry has expanded rapidly. To date, 230 production lines have been introduced, with line speeds ranging from 600 to 2 000 m/min, plus domestic production lines. More than 400, the production capacity has exceeded 90 million pairs of kilometers, the production capacity has been surplus.
China's telecommunications cable market consumes 70 million pairs of kilometers, plus 800,000 cases (four pairs) of high-speed data transmission cables, and the total consumption of insulation materials for communication cables is about 49 kt. The cable sheathing for telecommunication cables is calculated at 5 t per 10,000 kilometer basis. The market demand for communication cable sheathing materials is about 35 kt.
At present, China's telecommunications cable insulation and sheathing total demand for polyethylene cable is about 84 kt. In the next few years, as local cables are gradually replaced by optical cables, the demand for ordinary communications polyethylene cable materials will also gradually decrease, but high-speed data transmission cable materials will continue to increase.
(3) Optical cable sheathing China's optical fiber cable construction is in a period of rapid development. There are more than 200 optical cable manufacturers in the country. In 2011, the national demand for optical cables was 410,000 optical cable kilometers long. Calculated with a polyethylene sheath material of 80 kg per kilometre, the demand for cable sheathing material in China in 2011 was approximately 35 kt. At present, cable sheathing materials are mainly supplied and supplied by domestic manufacturers.
1.2 Insulating materials for electrical equipment lines In various projects, the amount of flame-retardant cables has gradually increased, and fire-resistant cables have also been included in one of the fire codes. Power cables, control cables, signal cables, instrumentation cables, computer cables, thermocouples Cables, etc., are all required to be flame-retardant. In recent years, fire-fighting departments in some regions have demanded the use of halogen-free flame-retardant materials, so low-halogen-element halogen materials are the development direction. The current use of a relatively large amount of low-halogen halogen thermoplastic sheath material, a small amount of cross-linkable sheath material. In addition, there are some high-demanding projects. Cable insulation requires the use of cross-linkable low-monoxide halogen materials. At present, most of the low-alcohol halogen sheathing materials are imported materials, and their localization requirements are still the subject of domestic cable material production enterprises. It is estimated that the amount of halogen sheath material in the near future can reach 1000t. Due to the wide range of use of electrical wires and cables for electrical equipment, users have various requirements for the equipment line. The user's use requires 100% transfer to the requirements for cable materials.
(1) Mechanical motor lead-in cables, automotive low-voltage cables, locomotives and vehicle wires, oil platform cables, etc., have different performance requirements, such as tensile strength, elongation at break and so on.
(2) Flame-retardant properties include flame-retardant or non-flame-retardant, halogen-containing or halogen-free, smoke density, etc.
(3) Insulation properties include aging temperature and index, insulation thickness, volume resistivity, and so on.
(4) Process properties include easy tearing, easy peeling, etc.
(5) Fracture resistance Under very poor working conditions in mines, mine cables require a certain mechanical strength of the outer insulation layer.
(6) Other properties include scratch resistance, oil resistance, ultra-thin, etc.
These indicators restrict each other, can not use a brand to meet all product requirements, in fact there is no all-round brand. The temperature rating of this type of wire and cable can be considered at five levels of 90°C, 105°C, 125°C, 135°C, and 150°C. The chemical properties focus on improving the oil resistance, the mechanical properties focus on improving the elongation at break and maintaining the appropriate tensile strength, the process performance is focused on improving the amount of glue and ensuring the smooth surface, in addition to the ultra-thin insulated wire and cable material, its impurities should be controlled. Improve scratch resistance.
In terms of market forecasting, from the statistics of previous years, the use of electrical wires to calculate the current year when the output reached 2000km, the annual use of energy-saving cable materials for other uses because of the complexity of the line, Yuan method to predict market demand.
1.3 Semi-conducting shielding materials Semi-conducting shielding materials are necessary supporting materials for medium and high voltage power cables. It was initially considered that the semi-conducting layer shielding layer functions as a uniform electric field, and long-term operation experience shows that semi-conducting shielding has a greater relationship with the service life of cables. For example, the cleanliness of shielding, the bonding of shielding and insulation, and the migration of impurities.
These have latent effects on the cable. The semi-conductive shielding material used for high-voltage and ultra-high voltage cross-over cables in foreign countries has high requirements for indicators, and domestic technology is not used. Currently, it is dependent on imports. In the case of shielding materials for 10kV power cables, the properties and processes of domestic materials are also not very satisfactory. The ratio of the internal and external shielding materials and insulation materials is approximately 400:100. It is estimated that the annual amount of shielding materials in China will be 8000 to 10,000 tons.
Heat tracing cables (also known as self-controlled temperature heating cables) belong to the other two product areas and are basically not produced in China. The main reason is that positive temperature coefficient electric heating materials (also known as PTCR effect) are not supplied domestically, and the products are completely dependent on imports. The profits of such products and materials are very rich and it is expected that localization will be realized in the near future.
2 The prediction of the cable industry in 2011 predicts that the total amount of plastics consumed by China's domestic cable industry (power cables, equipment lines, and communication cables) is about 30t/year, of which polyethylene cable is about 16t, including insulation, sheathing, and resistance. Fuels account for 60% of the total; the rest are mainly polyethylene cable materials, including insulation, sheathing and all crosslinkable polyethylene. It is predicted that the number of cross-linkable materials and low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant materials will increase significantly in 201 years.
2.1 Products to be developed in China's cable industry (1) Semi-conductive fastening belts The national standard requires a semi-conductive fastening tape outside the 500mm2 cable conductor. Its purpose is to tighten the conductor to prevent the conductor from loosening during processing. The cable scratches and damages the mold, and the semi-conductive layer can be embedded in large-section conductors. Users of this type of power supply bureau are also very welcome. The insulation can be easily peeled off from the conductor. It is also hoped that the water-proof cable produced recently. The tie has a water blocking function and will have a better market price in the medium voltage cable.
(2) Conductor Water Blocking Material 1EC60502-97 has provided a test method for a longitudinal water-blocking cable to produce a conductor water-blocking cable. In China, Zhengzhou, Shenyang and other places have been able to produce water-blocking expansion yarns for water-blocking conductors. The product can also be used for the corrosion of conductors of aluminum core overhead insulated wire after entering the water, and has a broad market.
(3) Ultra-smooth inner semi-conducting material In the national standard, a plastic semi-conductive material can be used instead of conductive cross-linked material for low-voltage cables. Cross-linked ultra-smooth material should be used for high-voltage cables.
(4) The domestic manufacturers of fillers for large-section cables filled with three-core cable fillers are too rigid.
(5) PE sheathed conductive coating outside the country has been able to produce PVC sheathed conductive coating outside the conductive conductivity is good, but for the PE sheath, the country can not produce conductive coating materials.
(6) Halogen-free flame retardant cable isolation layer Although the demand for fire-retardant cables is large due to the requirement of fire prevention, the halogen cable is also produced, but due to the high cost of halogen-free cable materials, halogen-based flame-retardant cables are still the majority in China. In recent years, some units have produced oxygen-barrier cables for use in oil fields. In the cable, the cable insulation layer is replaced with a fire-retardant layer with a high content of flame retardant, which can pass Class A and B fire tests. However, the outer barrier requires sufficient mechanical properties, but also flame retardant. At present, there are not many companies that can produce such halogen-free flame retardant cable insulation at home.
(7) Oil-resistant general PVC cable materials are not oil resistant, but the machines used in machine tools, automobiles, and manufacturing processes must be oil resistant. At present, some companies produce oil-resistant PVC materials. Unfortunately, many users do not know about the lack of market promotion.
(8) Matt materials At present, the equipment for indoor information office needs a kind of wire that looks and feels soft and matt leather. This requires the use of matt materials. Domestic use of micro-crosslinked PVC can increase the production of formulas. Plasticizers with matt effect, but there are not many manufacturers.
(9) Irradiation of cross-linked cable materials Irradiation of PVC electrical materials is not used in China, but changes have occurred in recent years. First, the automotive industry requires the use of irradiated PVC electrical materials; second, the application of cross-linked cables in buildings. Gradually increased. Cable and material manufacturers must develop more of these products.
The world-renowned cable manufacturer advanced product introduction (1) United States Letters Nylon ----6, the product name is CERON8224HSL, the brand products of the letter, was UL certified, this material is made of polyethylene sheathing line in the building, electrical appliances, The automotive industry has been widely used. This type of wire is in the United States model THWN, and the Chinese model is BVN. Its performance is better than that of the BV. It is thin and has a long life.
(2) Nordic company's product "Cask." New halogen low-smoke flame-retardant cable, the overall performance of general aluminum hydroxide materials, for construction, electrical appliances, installation lines.
(3) The halogen-free, low-smoke and flame-retardant cable produced by ECC of Norway is fully chromatographic. The cable material conforms to EIA, RAL, IEE and BS standards. There are also some promising cable materials: UV absorbers for PVC. Anti-oxidants for cross-linked cables, antioxidants for cross-linked cables, metal deactivators, rodent-repellent agents, etc. These cables can be used directly for extrusion without the addition of additives.
(4) “REm-uNK†is a new low-cost cross-linked polyethylene cable material launched by U.S. United Carbon Co., Ltd., which is a copolymerization method silicon-germanium cross-linked polyethylene series material. When used, the weight ratio of AB material mixed first is 1:1. Since the two kinds of materials have the same particle shape and the same specific gravity, it is also possible to mix the same volumetric proportions and eliminate weighing procedures. The storage period of this material is very long. It is reported that under normal conditions, it can be stored for 5 years. Even if the leftover material after opening is stored well, it can be kept for several days or even 10 days. The prior cross-linking of the process can be completely eliminated and the selling price reduced. It is especially recommended for low-voltage power cables, control cables, instrumentation cables, and other products.
(5) "CAI3LmAM" is a patented product of Isola, which is a single-side reinforced mica tape and impregnated with a heat-resistant adhesive. According to different types of reinforcing materials, it can be divided into two types. The fire-resistant cable can pass the BS6378750C3h water spray fire test and DIN4102 1011C90min fire test standard.
(6) The special products introduced by Hanna Wilson (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. are all kinds of color masterbatch. Color masterbatch chromatography and variety. Color masterbatch for polyethylene can meet EIA, China Machinery Information Network Yb HG6h RAL, IEC and 3 hydrogen and other standards. Other cable materials and engineering plastics such as: PVC, PP, EVA, XLPE, PB, TT, PU, ​​PA, etc., have special color masterbatch brands. In addition, a large class of products with promising future are masterbatches for various purposes with functional additives, such as UV absorbers for polyvinyl chloride, antioxidants for cross-linked polyethylene, and antioxidants for polyethylene. Short UV protectants for poly and enes, metal deactivators (also known as purifiers), nucleating agents for foam insulation, UV stabilizers with EVA as carrier, TPLJm UV protectants, flame retardants for combustion (halogenated) , TPU flame retardant, anti-rat bites, antibacterial agents and so on.
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