Lighting quality refers to whether the lighting source satisfies the requirements of indicators such as visual function, visual comfort, safety, and visual aesthetics. Proper application of lighting quality indicators can create a fresh and appealing atmosphere in your lighting space. Especially in the era of LED lighting, the quality of lighting is crucial. Using these indicators when purchasing LED light source products ensures better results with minimal effort. Below, we’ll discuss the main indicators of lighting quality.
Firstly, color temperature is the color of white light. The difference between white light colors lies in their red or blue tones. It’s measured using absolute temperature and expressed in Kelvin (K). Typically, the color temperature range for indoor lighting is 2800K to 6500K. White light, like sunlight, is a mix of various colors—primarily red, green, and blue. A prism demonstrates how sunlight comprises multiple colors.
White light color is described using color temperature. More blue components make the light bluish (cool), while more red components give it a warmer tone. Color temperature is the sole way to describe white light color. Artificial light sources also combine different colors to produce white light, and spectral analysis is often used for physical examination. Professional instruments are required for accurate spectral analysis.
Sunlight has the richest spectrum among light sources, followed by incandescent lamps and LEDs. Fluorescent lamps contain harmful UV components, making incandescent lamps inefficient and obsolete. LEDs are expected to dominate the market. Describing white light using terms like warm, natural, or cool white can be vague; thus, color temperature is more precise. The chart below illustrates the relationship between LED white color temperatures and white light colors.
Accurate color temperature values require professional instruments. To help visualize, we’ve created a color temperature guide.
Secondly, color rendering measures how well an illumination source preserves the color of illuminated objects. It’s represented by the color rendering index Ra, ranging from 0 to 100. Higher Ra values indicate better color rendering. Sunlight offers the best color rendering, while artificial lights fall short. Comparing colors under sunlight and artificial light provides insight into color rendering. Palm tests can also assess color rendering.
For LED lights, Ra is categorized into three levels: less than 69, between 70 and 79, and above 80. High-quality indoor lighting should use Ra values over 80. The Planck curve in the CIE1931 chromaticity diagram serves as a reference for superior color rendering.
Thirdly, the illuminance value measures the luminous flux on the surface of the illuminated object per unit area. It’s expressed in Lux (Lx). Higher illuminance means brighter surfaces. Distance from the light source affects illuminance, with further distances reducing values. Luminaire light distribution curves also play a role; narrower angles increase brightness. Professional instruments are needed for accurate measurement. National standards recommend specific indoor illuminance levels to prevent excessive or insufficient light.
Fourthly, the light distribution curve of a luminaire determines its lighting effect. Proper layout and light distribution enhance visual function and comfort. Track spotlights and ceiling lights typically use 15° or 30° distributions, while downlights use 30° or 60°. Bulbs and ceiling lights often use 120°, and panel lights range from 60° to 90°.
Fifthly, the luminous efficiency of a light source is measured in lumens per watt (lm/W). Higher efficiency indicates better energy-saving performance. LED sources have efficiencies around 90-130 lm/W, compared to 48-80 lm/W for energy-saving lamps and 9-12 lm/W for incandescent lamps.
Lastly, lighting efficiency involves the ratio of a luminaire's light output to its source. High efficiency suggests good manufacturing quality and energy-saving performance. Comparing luminaire efficiencies helps evaluate product quality. Factors like source efficiency and luminaire efficiency influence illuminance values, which depend on light distribution curves. Combining high-efficiency sources with efficient luminaires maximizes energy savings.
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