You can observe carefully: the rated power is small (25W) bulb and the large (100W) raw Zhushen material book1 bulb, the filament is very thin and spiral, but there is a difference, the big bulb is smaller than the small bulb The filament is slightly thicker and its length is different. Therefore, when the large bulb is replaced, the filament current may be larger at the same voltage (less than 220V), and thus the heat and light are emitted more, so the brightness is enhanced.
The incandescent bulb has been used for a long time, the bulb wall is blackened, the filament is also thinner, and its illumination brightness is always not as bright as the new one. What is the reason for this? The bulb has been used for a long time, and the illumination brightness is weakened. The reason is that the temperature of the filament reaches 2400-2700 when the bulb filament is energized. At such a high temperature, although the melting point of tungsten is as high as 3410:, the filament The tungsten on the surface will have a very small part of sublimation and become a gaseous tungsten vapor. When the temperature of the bulb is extinguished, the gaseous tungsten vapor will directly solidify into solid tungsten and adhere to the inner wall of the bulb. The longer the bulb is used, the darker the bulb and the thinner the filament. Since the resistance of the conductor is determined by the material, length and cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor, when the tungsten filament of the same bulb is thinned, its resistance is increased, and the heat is generated by weakening the current (Ohm's law: /=// ruler). The light is reduced, so that no new light bulbs are lit.
Some students may ask: If the bulb is vacuumed, whether the filament is spiraled can prevent the tungsten filament from sublimating, otherwise it is not. The vacuum is drawn into the bulb to prevent the tungsten from oxidizing at a high temperature, and the gas such as nitrogen or argon can hinder the sublimation of the filament at a high temperature.
The filament is wound into a spiral shape in order to reduce heat dissipation and increase the temperature of the filament. The higher the temperature, the more the electrical energy is converted into light energy, and the higher the luminous efficiency.
When the filament of the incandescent lamp is broken, the lamp is brighter than the original. What is the reason? This is because the length of the filament is shorter than the original after the filament is lapped, and the resistance is smaller than the original. In the case, the current passed is larger than the original (Ohm's law: /=t//i, and then by the corpse =|, the actual power becomes larger, the electric energy is converted into heat, the light is more, so the lamp ratio It turns out bright. However, the filament on the lap has a small contact area at the lap joint, and the resistance of the contact portion increases. According to the current generated by the current passing through the joint, the temperature rises sharply and the joint is blown. Therefore, the filament is lapped. The lamp life is not long.
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