Today, LCD technology is highly mature. The TV and display products that carry technology are also rising. The computer monitors are not mentioned. The TV products are only from 2014 to now. With the aesthetic fatigue of people such as computer mobile phones, people The focus of entertainment and entertainment has once again shifted to the living room. The TV products have also experienced explosive growth in the past two years. According to our long-term observation of the products, the active manufacturers in the market now have the same trend in the development of TV products. The interpretation is "bigger, clearer."
In the living room environment where 4K TV is popular, our cable TV signal still stays at 480P resolution, which causes the waste of our TV hardware performance. Therefore, the Internet TV industry with Internet resources came into being at the video website. As an Internet TV supported by program resources, we can access more and more clear and selective video resources, but even the resources on the Internet do not have the resources to own 4K programs. Why? What exactly limits the quality of program resources on video sites?
Youku video resources are the highest 1080P resolution that members can enjoy.
The currently popular Ghost Blowing Lights is a Tencent video solo that only members can enjoy 1080P resolution.
For the computer platform, in the current network environment in China, the mainstream video website resource clarity is generally around 256P-720P, which is far from meeting the hardware effect of the mainstream display 1080P resolution, not to mention the living room environment. The raging 4K TV has actually caused this situation, and it is also a video site that does not want to see it and can't do anything about it. This involves a very large bit cost problem.
To understand the principle of video transmission on video sites, it is necessary to refer to a name "bit rate" which is a relatively important part of the bit cost, and then briefly explain to everyone.
What is the important little knowledge of the science code rate?The bit rate is also called the bit rate, which means that the video and audio data after compression and encoding needs to be represented by how many bits per second, that is, the amount of data after the image displayed per second is compressed. The unit used is generally "KB" or thousands. Bits per second.
Video file definition and space table (approx.)
Generally speaking, the larger the code rate, the closer the processed file is to the original file, but the file size is proportional to the code rate, so almost all encoding formats pay attention to how to achieve the least distortion with the lowest bit rate. The fixed bit rate and dynamic bit rate derived from this core are all articles in this regard:
Fixed bit rate: refers to a file rate from beginning to end, which is based on the fixed file size.
Dynamic bit rate: It means that there is no fixed code rate. When compressing, it determines the code rate according to the video and audio data. This is the compression method that takes into account the file size based on the quality. Many people may find that when watching a program on a video site, many programs stop moving after loading a section of the progress bar. If they jump to the progress point progress position, they will be reloaded. This segmented video connection mode. Also to save bandwidth.
Average bit rate: Usually refers to the average bit rate of digital music or video. For example, if the average bit rate of an MP3 file is 128 kbps, that is, on average, 128,000 bits per second are transmitted/decoded. The code rate is not the only standard for measuring audio/video quality. For example, some other formats, such as wma and ogg formats, can provide better sound quality at the same average bit rate as mp3 files.
Video quality comparison (you can see that the quality of online video is much worse than local video, which is also a virtual standard to save bandwidth)
If you process mp3 with an average value, you will see that the bitrate you specify (for example, 222KbPS) is preferred as the current player decompression, while the constant bitrate simply compresses the file at a fixed compression ratio. So what is the relationship between code rate and bandwidth? How is the bit and bandwidth cost calculated?
How to convert bandwidth by bit cost conversion rateThe WEB-side video server is divided into three types of technologies. The network video service technology from the traditional AVI, RM, WMV, MPEG and other early streaming media videos took Adobe's Flash media service transmission for about 5 years, from FMS video. Server-to-Flash technology makes it possible to implement P2P transfers between web pages, almost five years later. The emergence of FMS has made large-scale video services a reality, but its high server bandwidth load costs have still been criticized within the industry. This situation did not change until P2P technology emerged.
Three bit server technology
The manner in which the bit is converted into KB is generally calculated as related data, and the relationships between the data represented are identical. First of all, we must first clear a few questions:
1. Usually an online viewer needs a bandwidth of about 30k~40k to watch SD video smoothly.
2. The bandwidth conversion method is that the 128k traffic requires 1M network bandwidth. Generally, the download speed corresponding to the bandwidth of our home network is generally 2M bandwidth is about 256KB / sec download speed, 4M is about 512KB / sec, 8M - 10M is about 1024KB / sec.
3. Similarly, the bandwidth to be loaded by the server is also calculated according to the highest concurrent traffic that can be carried. Concurrent traffic refers to the traffic value of accessing resources at the same time. If you use FMS technology, you need to accumulate traffic to meet the needs of concurrent traffic. For example, if 100 people access video resources at the same time, it can be calculated: 100 people by 30k is about 3000k; 3000k divided by 128k/M is about 23.4M. If the website's video viewers reach 100 people at the highest concurrency, at least 20M bandwidth is needed. If the video viewers of the website reach the maximum number of concurrent users, they need at least 200M of bandwidth. For example, the data volume and page views of websites such as Tencent and Youku can be fixed in a few million.
At present, the 100M bandwidth cost of the regular configuration of domestic regular server providers is about 100,000 yuan/year. From this, it can be calculated that if the maximum concurrent amount of the website is expected to reach 1,000 people, the server bandwidth cost needs at least 200,000/year or more, and if it reaches 5,000, at least one million/year or more is required. The above calculations are rough theoretical values, and are full load calculations. In actual operation, the server will not only consider the full load and the theoretical situation, and most of them will use multiple times of server bandwidth resources to ensure operational security. The cost of running the website has pushed a terrible number.
As the number of people increases, only a small amount of user information interaction increases. Therefore, the more users in FMS mode, the greater the pressure, and the more users in P2P mode, the better. In the face of user increase, there are two different situations. At present, the rapid development of the mobile market and the gradual relaxation of domestic bandwidth traffic, the demand for video program users has shown significant high-intensity demand. The diversified video service of sorghum is gradually thawed, and the collapse of the high capital threshold is showing the tip of the iceberg.
Encoding is also important or the best way to solve problems
The so-called encoding is to compile the captured video source file into another format to reduce the "weight" of the video file, so that the video data resource playback is reduced in data throughput, and the video stream is more efficiently and smoothly played. The most important codec standards in transmission are ITU H.261, H.263, H.264, and the current H.265 encoding format. In short, excellent encoding format optimizes the video processing steps. Let's look at a comparison of H.264 and H.265 compilations, so that the performance is more intuitive.
Comparison of H.265 coding and H.264 coding
Through the above figure, we can simply understand the two encoding formats as the process of drawing two painters. We can see that the H.264 format divides the video image into small areas for compilation. The process of rendering is more complicated. , so the file size is large, and H.265 is to calculate the similar color and background blur, need to focus on the place to be carefully coded, so that the selective encoding can reduce the video file size by about 50%, this is a A very efficient upgrade also provides an optimization from the source of the video for the file rate and file playback rate.
H.265 is designed to deliver higher quality network video over a limited bandwidth, allowing only the original half of the bandwidth to play the same quality video. This also means that mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets will be able to play 1080p full HD video directly online. The H.265 standard also supports 4K and 8K Ultra HD video. It can be said that the H.265 standard allows network video to keep up with the "high resolution" of the display.
H.265 encoding format
Although there are still fewer video resources above 1080P resolution, many device manufacturers have begun to popularize H.265 encoding technology. The mainstream TV and HD set-top boxes are equipped with the latest decoding H.265 video function, from another In a sense, this is also the move of the terracotta warriors and horses.
The situation is still urgent and needs revolutionary technologyFor many video companies, the bit cost of getting revenue, even the amount of income. If you look at it from a development perspective, the bit cost may be reduced to some extent, but it is certain that neither the existing standards such as ADSL, 3G, WiFI, etc., or later E1, LTE can make the bit cost drop to video. The expectations of the website members. Based on the understanding of telecom service facilities and evolutionary situation, in the next five years, the bit cost of Chinese video services is difficult to reduce to less than half of the revenue, which also poses a great challenge to the increase of scale marginal revenue.
To maintain the website, you need to rent a server.
Internet video service providers, want to promote their own industry development, and the cost involved, not only the cost of program resources, but also the pressure on data flow and storage, so that many video service providers are overwhelmed, we single From the perspective of rigid bit cost, the search function has the lowest cost. It has only a simple input box. The input and output are mainly text, and the amount of information transmitted on the network is small, but obtained from each user. The biggest gain. The video service has the highest bit cost. The main transmission on the network is streaming media. The bandwidth is high, the time is long, and the amount of data is very large.
For the user, the TV is a backwards experience, the PC is a forward-looking experience, and the mobile phone is a thumb experience. These three things are related, but they are different. The time cost that users are willing to spend on these three things is different. To what extent can the experience of Internet video be subversive? For video websites, the direction of higher-definition and more interactive following traditional TV will only increase the bit cost. More resource-intensive, more bandwidth support is needed, and data storage is also part of the cost. It is difficult to get rid of the huge amount of resources to profit, but also spend a lot of bit cost, want to achieve high quality and clarity. The popularity of video resources, there is still a long way to go, and the true meaning of 4K Internet video signals, in terms of the current results, it is very difficult to achieve.
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