Single limit comparator principle and threshold voltage introduction

Single limit comparator circuit

Figure 1a shows a basic single-limit comparator. The input signal Uin, which is the voltage to be compared, is applied to the non-inverting input terminal, and a reference voltage (threshold level) Ur is connected to the inverting input terminal. When the input voltage Uin "Ur", the output is high level UOH. Figure 1b shows its transmission characteristics.

Single limit comparator principle _ threshold voltage and output waveform

Figure 3 shows the overheat detection protection circuit in an instrument. It operates from a single supply and has a fixed reference voltage on the inverting input of the 1/4LM339. Its value depends on R1 on R2. UR=R2/(R1+R2)*UCC. The voltage at the non-inverting terminal is equal to the voltage drop of the thermal element Rt. When the internal temperature is below the set value, the "+" terminal voltage is greater than the "-" terminal voltage, and Uo is high. When the temperature rises above the set value, the voltage at the "-" terminal is greater than the "+" terminal, the comparator is inverted, and the Uo output is at zero potential, which causes the protection circuit to operate. Adjusting the value of R1 can change the threshold voltage, setting the temperature. The size of the value.

Single limit comparator principle _ threshold voltage and output waveform

Theoretical Analysis and Calculation of Single Limit Comparator
Single limit comparator principle _ threshold voltage and output waveform

As can be seen from the figure, the non-inverting input of the integrated op amp is grounded through the resistor R3. Therefore, when the input voltage u1 changes, if the potential of the inverting input u_=u+=0, the state of the output will jump. According to the characteristics of the virtual break, and using the superposition theorem, the potential of the inverting input terminal is u_=(R2/(R1+R2))u1+(R1/(R1+R2))UREF, u_=0, from the upper The threshold level can be solved as UT=u1=-R1/R2UREF.

How single-limit voltage comparators work

1. The working principle of the voltage comparator is very simple: the potential of the positive phase input terminal is higher than the inverting input terminal, and the output is high level; the potential of the inverting input terminal is higher than the positive phase input terminal, and the output is low level.

2. When the potential of the inverting input terminal is a fixed value, the positive input terminal is a comparison terminal; when the positive input terminal is a fixed value, the reverse input terminal is a comparison terminal. The output level of the comparator complies with the above rules.

Single limit comparator principle _ threshold voltage and output waveform

Single limit comparator threshold voltage calculation

The op amp has two inputs, the inverting terminal is grounded, and the potential is zero, then only the in-phase is used as the input. When Up>Un, the op amp outputs +Uom. When Up<Un, the op amp outputs -Uom, then Un is 0, so the threshold voltage is 0V for the over 0 comparator.

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