As cars move toward electronics, the proportion of electronic components in the cost of manufacturing cars is rapidly increasing, and many believe that the proportion will reach 40%. Automobiles are increasingly dependent on electronic technology. In 2007, the proportion of electronic components in automobile manufacturing costs was as follows: "Corolla"-class small cars were 10 to 15%, and "Lexus" and other high-end cars were 20 to 30%. Hybrids such as the Prius are about 50%. On average, various models have reached 20 to 30%. The ratio is expected to rise to 40% by 2015. Automobile manufacturing costs can be roughly divided into component materials costs of 70%, labor costs of 15%, and other 15%. In 2015, electronic components will become a major part of automotive component materials costs.
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Use electronics to improve comfort and safety
The reason why the rapid development of automobiles to electronic technology is that electronic technology is an indispensable result in order to realize the four major technical themes of the automobile - "comfort", "safety", "environmental protection" and "reliability". In addition to the basic performance indicators required by the car - "safety" and "reliability", with the popularity of automobiles, more and more users have begun to put forward "comfort" requirements. In addition, environmental issues have received much attention in recent years. "Environmental protection" countermeasures have also become an unavoidable problem. To achieve these four themes, you need to adopt electronic technology in your car.
As a technology that combines comfort and safety, collision prevention safety systems, parking assist systems, and cruise control functions are constantly spreading and performance is increasing. The collision prevention safety system was previously mainly used to mitigate the impact of a collision, and in the future it is expected that even the collision itself can be avoided. Therefore, the practical use of various electronic systems and technologies is constantly advancing. For example, a camera based on CMOS and CCD image sensors (hereinafter referred to as "CMOS/CCD camera") is provided in the vehicle, and the driver's face orientation is detected by the driver. Warnings are sounded or vibrated when the road is not seen, and the accuracy of obstacle detection is improved by using a combination of radar and CMOS/CCD cameras. In addition, the industry has actually verified the information obtained by using data communication between the automobile and the transportation infrastructure, controlling the engine and brake through the microcontroller, and developing the vehicle radar to be applied to the vehicle workshop data in addition to obstacle detection. Communication technology.
In the parking assist system, after the designated parking position is specified, the system in which the car automatically manipulates the steering wheel to reverse the vehicle has been put into practical use. In the future, while the system is popular, systems that can be controlled by forward and backward are also expected to be unveiled. This system uses image recognition technology based on a CMOS/CCD camera mounted around the car. In addition, measures such as LCD panelization to improve HMI (Human Machine Interface) performance, improved cruise control performance, and brighter LED lights have been adopted to improve the comfort and safety of electronic technology.
In addition, "X-by-Wire" has attracted attention as a major technological innovation in this field (changing braking and steering operations from mechanical transmissions such as oil pressure and cables to sensors, wiring, and motors) The electrical control technology), its practicality will also become a reality. X-by-Wired will accelerate the transition from individual control to integrated control, improve safety and comfort, and become a detonating agent to further accelerate the development of automobiles to electronic.
"CO2 emission reduction" and "in-vehicle software development efficiency" that make car manufacturers headache
In terms of environmental protection, reducing CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions from automobiles is the biggest technical issue for automakers. As a way to solve this problem, it is necessary to develop hybrid systems to manufacture electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. The core technology of environmental protection is also the motor and battery, and electronic technology is also essential. In this field, existing gasoline engines and diesel engines also have a tendency to adopt electronic technology for achieving low fuel consumption. For example, improving electronically controlled injection technology, improving battery charge and discharge control systems including generators, and using electric power steering wheels. Although these improvements have only a few percent effect on reducing CO2 emissions, by accumulating these effects, fuel consumption can be significantly reduced (Note).
In terms of reliability, in order to ensure the necessary conditions of automotive technology - reliability, the existence value of electronic technology can not be ignored. This is because, after the above technological innovations, electronic technology is gradually becoming the core of automotive technology. In particular, the code size of the in-vehicle software required to realize microcontroller control is rapidly expanding, and ensuring the reliability of the software is currently a problem for automobile manufacturers. In the first stage of automobile development, the proportion of software in development hours is rapidly increasing. In order to develop large-scale and highly reliable software, it is imperative to establish an efficient development system. In order to achieve this goal, automakers are promoting the standardization of software development such as "AUTOSAR" and "Automotive SPICE".
The introduction of electronic technology is crucial
As electronic technology continues to be used in automotive technology, the introduction of electronic technology and cooperation with electronics manufacturers for the introduction of technology is likely to become the key to future technology development for automotive manufacturers.
For example, in order to reduce CO2, automakers need to innovate basic technologies such as automotive powertrains, but four to five powertrains for gasoline engines, diesel engines, hybrid systems, electric vehicle systems, and fuel cell vehicle systems. At the same time, even large auto manufacturers are very difficult to develop resources and development costs. Therefore, joint development between automakers, or between automakers and auto component manufacturers and electronics manufacturers. In addition, for the proliferation of in-vehicle software, the experience of the electronics industry (including the general electronics industry of the computer and IT industry) that has crossed the "software crisis" will likely play a huge role.
Note) In the car's CO2 emission reduction measures, the most recent hot topic is the addition of bioethanol gasoline. However, there are points that the increase in the presence of ethanol has adversely affected the global food problem. Increasing ethanol production will lead to high prices for raw materials – corn and sugar cane, and the price of wheat and rice under the chain reaction, as well as the price of various foods such as livestock meat, eggs and cheese fed with these grains. May rise. As a result, countries with a low-income group are likely to cause food problems to worsen. That is to say, from a global perspective, the increase in ethanol production will sacrifice the poverty-stricken layer affected by high food prices in order to have a rich layer of cars. From this point of view, in order to reduce the CO2 emissions of automobiles, it is necessary to reduce the fuel consumption of automobiles instead of increasing the production of ethanol.
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