Urban square lighting is a science and technology, but also a landscape art. An excellent square night lighting project is an organic combination of lighting science and technology and landscape art. It is also a combination of lighting technology and urban environment. The modern city squares use the lights to beautify and brighten, and make full use of the magical changes of the light and the beautiful landscape created by the color matching, and show the unique style to the fullest, thus generating great social and economic value.
2 Lighting purpose City square lighting design belongs to the category of outdoor lighting design. According to the attributes of the square, it can be divided into the city center square, the monument square, the exhibition square, the green leisure square and the traffic square. The lighting is designed to create an atmosphere, emphasize the area, control the flow of people and achieve a bright and modern effect. As stated in the International Commission on Illumination documents / a bright city is popular, intoxicating and pleasing. It attracts visitors and inspires their interest. Unchanging or flashing, it passes through the city and the building, and under them bathing, everything shines. "The art of lighting art can be used to discover the high-level art that the square environment can't express during the day, which can fully demonstrate the urban life and cultural style.
3 Procedure Step 3.1 Collect the main functions of the data plaza, representing the meaning and development trend. In particular, the lighting design of the monuments, cultures, and memorial plazas representing the city must be understood by architects, historians, national urban rules departments and archives to understand their representation, symbolic meaning and background. To reflect. In the design process, we must actively communicate with the developers, listen to their suggestions and obtain the consent and support of relevant departments and all parties. Such as cultural relics management department, building owner, transportation, shipping department, etc. Obtain drawings and related materials of the main bright materials in the square, and conduct research and design from various angles and locations. For example, Beijing Tiananmen Square is a symbol of China's political and cultural center. Its illumination is mainly to make the rendering environment magnificent and magnificent, and to achieve graceful and solemn effects. The Xiangshan Cultural Square in the Nanchang community is characterized by the leisure and entertainment culture of the community. Lighting should have affinity and does not affect people's normal work and rest.
3.2 Determination of lighting methods, illumination, etc. In addition to the traffic plaza, urban plaza lighting generally uses mixed lighting, using garden lights, floodlights, lawn lights and other lighting and different light sources to mix natural light (day, month, starlight) and artificial light Through the combination of light and color, designers can get the most out of it. The general square illumination value is 10~30lx, and the important square illumination value can reach 75lx. The illumination distribution should be relatively uniform and there is no strong glare. The small leisure plaza on the side of the residential area and the park promenade creates a quiet effect, and the illumination can be reduced to below 5lx without affecting safety.
3.3 Light poles, lamps and light source selection Light pole design should be beautiful and generous, and can not affect the use of the square. In addition to the transportation, industrial and other squares, in order to facilitate the entry and exit of transportation vehicles, high-altitude large-area lighting is used, and the general square uses medium and low pole lights. Some spotlight brackets can also be hidden in the flowers and plants. In addition to high-beam lighting and some light-emitting lighting applications, the lighting fixtures use wide-light distribution lamps for most square lighting. The lamps are dust-proof, waterproof and explosion-proof, and should be higher than road lighting. Commonly used light sources are incandescent lamps and high-efficiency gas discharge lamps. Different occasions, different atmospheres, different effects require different light sources. For example, fountains and art squares may use some colored fluorescent lamps, while light sources for exhibitions and rest squares should use metal halide lamps with better color rendering.
3.4 Determining the number of illumination points, the number of lighting fixtures and the installation method According to the design scheme, different lighting objects and different lighting parts can be calculated and tested to obtain the best results.
3.4.1 Square architectural lighting should fully consider the shape, size, features and distance of the object being illuminated.
Large-area illumination with close-to-distance illumination with little change in geometry, and multi-point illumination for far-reaching places for buildings with terraces, flat edges, and provocations. The light projectors placed on the building should be carefully hidden to avoid affecting the appearance of the building during the day. It is best to use a light source with good color rendering or close to the color of the building's exterior wall material to enhance the effect. In order to show the overall shape of the building, the illuminating lines can also be fixed on the boundaries and contours to highlight the geometric features of the building.
3.4.2 Square sculpture lighting requires lighting the entire target, but not evenly, creating a sharp outline through shadows and brightness. Key parts of key lighting sculptures, such as pedestal and quilt, should be reduced. The independent sculpture in the open space has no pedestal, and the illuminator is installed as close as possible to the ground; the independent sculpture illuminator with a seat needs to be farther away to avoid shadowing at the bottom of the sculpture.
If the sculpture is located close to the crowd, the illuminator should be fixed on the bracket or nearby building, while paying attention to glare control.
3.4.3 Square Colonnade Illumination Under the dark back, the colonnade can be set with a spotlight under each column to make the pillars appear on a dim background. In the bright background, the colonnade can be lighted on the gallery with low-power illuminators to properly limit its contrast.
3.4.4 Square waterscape lighting Floodlights are generally installed behind the spout in the pool and underneath the water flow drop point (or side). The lamps need to be tested for watertightness, and the primary colors of red, yellow and blue are commonly used.
3.4.5 Square green lighting Lighting fixtures are generally installed on the ground plane and small brackets. The tall vegetation that stands in the air is often illuminated by a separate glare to get a contoured effect. High and low staggered trees can be illuminated with multiple floodlights to highlight the three-dimensionality. The flower beds and lawns are dotted with diffused lawn lamps in the center or side, which both decorate the environment and render the environment. It is worth noting that you should never use some colored light sources to change the color of the vegetation, nor do you apply strong illumination to the immature trees. In addition, the lighting requirements for vegetation should be adjusted according to seasonal changes.
3.5 Determine the power supply system and construction plan to determine the location of the power point, wiring and circuit protection, control, etc. The distribution of square lighting fixtures is generally scattered and the range is large. It is often necessary to have multiple power points and multiple power supplies. The route should be planned in detail and the construction sequence should be clarified. Pay attention to the data preservation in the construction, the record preservation of the drawings and the debugging of the lighting and wiring. Consider more convenience for future maintenance management.
4 New Trends in Square Lighting 4.1 The rise of lighting sculptures As part of the city square, more and more lighting is integrated into one. They are sights during the day and highlights at night. The light is everywhere, and the large luminaire itself is a view of the square. For example, the “Qingshan Lake Pearl†on the shore of Qingshan Lake in Nanchang City is composed of hundreds of color-changing lamps, which are white as jade and colorful at night.
4.2 Application of the new electric light source The solar cell is used in the square garden lamp. During the day, the solar energy charges the battery, and the light is automatically turned on at night, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly; the dynamic lighting integrates the sound and light perfectly in the decorative lighting. If the illuminating movement in the automatic system is used, the illuminance of each part is successfully controlled.
The color, brightness and darkness of the lighting are controlled by the transformation of the sound melody, which produces a wonderful effect, giving the square a new content. And the colored light beams generated by lasers in Binhu and Binhai Square are refracted by atmospheric impurities, creating a fascinating dynamic scene.
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