To tell you the good news, we have entered an era in which energy can be captured from the external environment to replenish energy for small devices. With the development of the Internet of Things and the development of low-power components, environmental capture energy systems have begun to spread from niche applications to large-scale.
Recently, the conference, organized by market research organization IDTechEx, clearly conveyed this idea. In addition to energy harvesting and savings, the conference's theme also covers electronics, wearable device technology, 3D printing, supercapacitors, graphene, and the Internet of Things. Raghu Das, the company's CEO, said that things that seem to be of concern to the conference are irrelevant, but they are closely related. For example, wearable devices require energy harvesting technology, and supercapacitors have the potential to create efficient ways to store and release harvested energy. 3D printing plays an important role in prototyping and short-term custom production projects.
According to IDTechEx's data report, the energy harvesting industry is expected to reach a market size of $2.6 billion by 2024. It is mainly realized by three kinds of energy or technology, namely mechanical energy, thermal energy and electromagnetic radiation.
Collecting mechanical energy
The British company Perpetuum has created modules that collect mechanical energy. The module takes energy from the vibrations of the railway wheels. The main principle is to charge the sensor that detects the temperature of the rail by vibrating the magnet in the fixed coil. The Southeastern Railways in the UK installed Perpetuum's system, which covers 148 Electrostar train tracks.
If you want to collect energy during exercise, in addition to the principle of electromagnetic induction, there are other methods, such as by applying pressure to a piezoelectric material to generate electrical energy. New piezoelectric materials have been under development, such as researchers at the University of Illinois, who have developed a thin, biocompatible (can be implanted into a living body) piezoelectric film. Multilayer devices incorporating piezoelectric films are mounted directly onto the surface of the human heart as a power pacemaker. In fact, piezoelectric films can be applied on a large scale to collect energy during exercise. For example, during the 2012 Summer Olympics, part of the London Underground station's sidewalk lighting was powered by passengers trampling on sidewalk tiles.
Collecting heat
IDTechEx analysts are optimistic about the future of thermoelectric systems. The system converts excess thermal energy into electrical energy. Although thermoelectric systems have existed for decades, the current development prospects are clearer because new solid-state thermoelectric devices can obtain electrical energy with smaller temperature differences. At the conference, analysts at the company predicted that the size of the thermal power market will reach 95 million in 2016.
While the automotive sector is a clear target, industrial-grade applications are more likely to drive growth in the thermoelectric market. The waste heat generated by the production equipment charges the wireless sensor, eliminating the complicated steps of power and communication lines, and reducing installation and maintenance costs.
Collecting electromagnetic radiation
Perhaps the most amazing way to collect energy is to use electromagnetic radiation from the surrounding environment. This is not a new idea. Crystal Radio was popular in the past, and photocells and RFID tags are now more popular. However, this energy harvesting technique can go a step further. We can get energy from different radio electromagnetic radiation in the environment. The Spanish Textile Research Association Aitex has collaborated with other researchers to develop small antennas that can be woven directly. Clothes in this fabric can automatically capture the energy in the environment to charge our biosensors or other wearable devices.
In fact, energy acquisition will become an increasingly important area of ​​future life because it will change the way we interact with data, electronic devices, the Internet, and even ourselves.
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