The museum plays a role in protecting and displaying cultural and natural heritage, carrying out social education, providing leisure and entertainment functions, and becoming an indispensable part of the people's spiritual and cultural life. In recent years, with the improvement of people's material living standards, the masses' demand for spiritual culture has become more and more abundant. People have re-recognized the value of museums. More and more viewers have entered the museum, and the consumer groups of museums are expanding. . Faced with multi-level consumer groups, how to provide audiences with rich exhibitions and close the distance between museums and audiences has become an important topic for museums. On this important topic, museum lighting design and exhibition design, planning and design should be placed in the same important position.
The museum is an institution for the protection, research, display and publicity of various cultural relics, historical relics and works of art. The design must fully consider the protection of these precious historical and cultural properties and must be protected from optical radiation (including visible). Damage from radiation, ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation. The final result of the lighting creates a good visual environment for the audience, while ensuring the illuminance of the exhibits, and minimizing the damage of the optical radiation to the exhibits. To solve the contradiction of dealing with this problem, high requirements are placed on all aspects of lighting design such as the selection of lighting products and light sources.
There are two types of museums, comprehensive and special, depending on the type of exhibition. Specialized museums such as art galleries, painting galleries, natural museums and historic sites or ancient monuments. Aquariums and reptiles in the zoo also belong to this category. There are three main types of museums according to their architectural forms: one is specially designed, the other is to directly use the general exhibition hall, and the third is to use other ancient buildings. The museum lighting design of the third architectural form is more complicated due to more consideration of the protection of the original building. (For example, the lighting design of the Palace Museum).
There are also three methods of museum lighting: one is based on natural lighting, supplemented by artificial lighting, this type accounts for a large proportion; the second is the combination of natural lighting and artificial lighting; the third is all artificial lighting, This type has a small proportion and has a short history in China, only about 20 years. There are four ways of natural lighting: one is high side window lighting; the other is side window lighting; the third is high side window and side window coexist; the fourth is skylight lighting. There are five ways of artificial lighting: one is general lighting; the other is regional lighting combined with general lighting; the third is directional area lighting; the fourth is directional area lighting combined with general lighting; the fifth is showcase lighting.
The purpose of the museum is to collect and preserve rich materials, precious cultural relics, objects, models or replicas, and it is also a place for academic research. Inside the museum, there are various rooms such as the foyer, the cultural relics exhibition hall, the cultural relics warehouse, the preparation room, the conference room, the research room, and the library. Due to the different functions, they have different lighting requirements. Lighting design plays an important role in museum design and is even more important in the exhibition hall. Different kinds of museums should have different exhibition themes, which also determines different lighting design themes.
The lighting quality of the museum mainly includes illuminance, color rendering index, color temperature and illuminance matching, uniformity, three-dimensionality, glare, contrast and so on. At the same time, the lighting design of the museum must follow the principles of viewing exhibits and protecting exhibits, and meet the requirements of safety, reliability, economy, technology, energy conservation and convenient maintenance.
First, the protection of display items and the choice of light source
The museum is especially important for the protection of exhibits. Certain external conditions, such as lighting, radiant light, temperature, moisture, and atmospheric gas pollution in the atmosphere, can cause damage to displayed items. The role of light is both chemical and thermal. Photochemical effects can cause discoloration and embrittlement on the surface of the exhibit. The main points are as follows:
1. Spectral properties of radiant energy. That is, the short-wave component should be minimized in the lighting design. As the wavelength of the incident light shifts to blue light or even into the ultraviolet band, the damage of the light to the exhibit increases. Because ultraviolet light is very destructive to matter. Therefore, in the museum lighting, a light source with less ultraviolet radiation should be used.
2. The intensity of the radiant energy (illuminance) on the exhibit and the length of the illumination time of the exhibit. That is, the illumination design and the exposure time should be limited, and the damage caused by the temperature rise should be reduced. Limiting illumination and exposure time are complementary. The illuminance of 100lx applied to the exhibits for 1000h is equivalent to the illumination of 50lx applied to the exhibits for 2000h. Light is incident on the exhibits, and part of it is absorbed by the exhibits, causing the temperature of the exhibits to rise and drying. If the indoor air humidity is insufficient, the exhibits will be damaged. Moreover, due to the opening and closing of the illumination, the temperature of the exhibits is repeatedly raised and cooled, and the thermal expansion and contraction can also damage the exhibits. The heat is from the infrared part, so try to filter out the infrared light in the light source.
3. The size of the material absorption and anti-radiation ability of the exhibit material itself. That is, the nature of the different exhibits should be considered in the lighting design. Items of different natures are sensitive to light, and light sources and different illuminations are considered for exhibits of different sensitivities. Exhibits that are insensitive to light damage can have higher illumination; illumination sensitive to light-sensitive exhibits should be limited, generally not exceeding 200lx; and exhibits that are particularly sensitive to light should be kept low-illumination, generally should be below 50lx, in the off The exhibition should be placed in dark conditions.
Therefore, the appropriate lighting source should be selected in the museum lighting design, and ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation should be filtered out as much as possible. Choose the appropriate level of illumination for different exhibits.
Second, the color temperature matching, color rendering index requirements
The International Museum Association requires that the illuminance value should match the color temperature. When the illuminance is high, the high color temperature light source is used. When the illuminance is low, the low color temperature light source should be used. There is no standard in China yet. General museum lighting recommends using a light source with a color temperature of less than 3300k. At the same time, maintain the color temperature integrity of the unified environment.
In places where display color, color fabrics, multi-color exhibits, etc., which require high color discrimination, a light source with a general color rendering index (Ra) of not less than 90 should be used as the illumination source. For places where the color discrimination requirements are not high, a light source having a general color rendering index of not less than 60 may be used as the illumination source.
Third, glare restrictions
Glare is one of the important considerations for museum lighting. Because the more important cultural relics in the museum are usually maintained by glass partitions or glass showcases, for some highly reflective materials, designers should pay special attention to the lighting.
which is:
(1) There should be no direct glare from light sources or windows or reflected glare from various surfaces in the field of view of the exhibits.
(2) The image produced by the viewer or other items on the glossy side (such as showcase glass or picture frame glass) shall not prevent the viewer from viewing the exhibit.
(3) For oil paintings or glossy exhibits, there should be no light curtain reflection in the viewing direction of the audience.
Fourth, the combination of lighting methods
Simple general lighting does not have the distinction between primary and secondary light, and the lighting effect is not ideal. Some special exhibits require specific projection lighting. Therefore, the lighting design of the museum usually adopts the combination of general illumination and local key illumination. For the museum spaces designed for different exhibition styles (such as wall display, cabinet display and cabinet display), the lighting method of the exhibition uses the combination of background lighting, general lighting and partial accent lighting, while taking care of the exhibition. , cleaning and emergency lighting modes. At the same time, grasp the proportion of illumination between different lighting methods.
Today, with the rapid development of international and domestic lighting design, museum lighting can not only consider and respect certain lighting quality and lighting parameters. The lighting design of museums has strong technical requirements, which is a system engineering problem. A single architectural configuration or a single lighting technology can not achieve the final lighting effect. Designers should consider the lighting technology, the theme of the exhibition, the artistic effect and the psychology of the audience.
The development of society and people's thirst for spiritual products have brought the museum back to the ordinary people's life. How to face the audience with a new look, provide them with high quality, rich content, various forms, and The spiritual food that teaches music is the development direction of the museum in the new century, and it is also the development direction of the museum lighting design. The lighting design should be based on “peopleâ€. Focusing on the thoughts and feelings of ordinary audiences is the first time we conduct museum lighting design. To do this, breaking the prejudice and frame of the original design and serving the audience better is the responsibility of our lighting designers.Outdoor Rental LED Display is hot selling product in the led screen market. We usually use Nova MSD300 sending card and MRV328 receving card, other controll system also can be accepted, like Linsin,colorlight and so on.....About the led lamp, we use kinglight led lamp, IC is ICN2038S, refresh rate is 1920hz. We also provide other option if the client need higher quality, like Nationstar led lamp and refresh rate can make 3840hz. This 500x500mm LED display panel can also can make curved led display, ±15° flexible curved option.
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