The Polar code that is mainly promoted by Chinese enterprises such as Huawei and ZTE has obtained the eMBB control channel standard, and will continue to compete for standards in other application scenarios such as mMTC and uRLLC. The significance of the Polar code event is not in the competition of technology itself, the core of which lies in the competition of 5G standards and industry chain dominance, and the game behind huge patent fees. According to the 3GPP plan, the 20th first edition technical standard of 2018 is determined, and it will be fully commercialized by 2020. Combined with the investment clock of the wireless communication sector, it is expected to usher in 5G theme investment opportunities in 2017. We are optimistic about the four major sectors of main equipment, optical communication/module, RF antenna and small base station, which can be laid out in these four directions in the future.
The significance of the Polar code is not in the competition of the technology itself, the core competition in the right to speak, the essence of the game behind the huge patent fees. For Huawei alliance companies that support Polar codes (mainly including ZTE, Xiaomi, Datang, etc.), they have certain first-mover advantages in patent licensing and R&D development programs. The communication standard determines the technical discourse right and the industrial chain leading power. China has experienced the development path of 2G blank, 3G follow-up and 4G synchronization in communication technology standards. In the future, China will strive to lead the 5G technology.
Polar code is the first time that the technical standards led by Chinese communication companies have become mainstream technologies, which is a milestone. In this enhanced mobile broadband eMBB application scenario, LDPC obtains all channels of the long code and the data channel of the short code, Polar obtains the control channel of the short code, and Turbo withdraws from the 5G coding standard. In the future, Polar code will also play a role in more application scenarios such as the large connection Internet of Things mMTC and low latency, ultra-reliable communication uRLLC.
The development of 5G standards is expected to accelerate. According to the 3GPP plan, some components will be released in 2016-2017. The Release 15 will be officially released in Release 15 in September 2018. The chip and hardware equipment will be available in 2019, and the commercial 5G will be fully built in 2020. The internet. Combined with the recent progress and application requirements of 5G technology experiments, the standard formulation is expected to accelerate, and it is recommended to pay attention to the follow-up 5G conference.
China's second-stage technical specifications were released, and China Mobile clearly defined the 5G timetable. On November 20th, the IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group publicly released the "Technical Specifications for the Second Phase of the 5G Technology R&D Test", which enabled China's 5G Phase II test to have "there is a basis." According to China Mobile's plan, in 2017, 4-5 cities will be selected to carry out system concept verification. In 2018, the total city and site scale will be expanded, and in 2019, it will be pre-commercialized.
First, the significance of Polar code is not in the dispute of technology itself, the core is in the competition for the right to speak, the game behind the huge amount of patent fees. 1. The history of the underlying standard of China's mobile communication is blank.The communication standard determines the technical discourse right and the industrial chain leading power. China has experienced the development path of 2G blank, 3G follow-up and 4G synchronization in communication technology standards. In the future, China will strive to lead the 5G technology. Among them, coding and modulation are the most esoteric part of wireless communication technology, and are known as the crown of communication technology. In the LTE era, although China's leading TD-LTE has become one of the mainstream technologies in the world, the core long code code Turbo code and short code tail bit convolution code are both based on foreign technology. Therefore, the core technology of LTE is not Master of our country.
2, from the Qualcomm model to see the value of the standard: first-class enterprise selling standardsCoding and modulation are the core technologies of wireless communication, embodying the overall strength of a national communication science basic theory. First-class companies sell standards, second-tier companies sell services, and third-rate companies sell products. Mastering the core technology patent rights can obtain the highest value of the industry chain. Qualcomm has been at the apex of the communications industry pyramid, occupying a significant portion of communications equipment and end products. The core reason is that Qualcomm owns the core patents of the mainstream 2G, 3G, and 4G standards in the world, and equipment and mobile phone manufacturers need to pay royalties to them. 40% of Qualcomm's net profit comes from patent licensing fees, which is a globally scarce business model. Qualcomm holds a large number of standards-essenTIal patents (SEP) related to CDMA (including CDMA IS-95 and CDMA2000), GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA and LTE.
According to the licensing agreement currently implemented by Qualcomm, Qualcomm will charge 5% of 3G equipment (including multi-mode 3G/4G equipment) for the authorization of 3G and 4G necessary Chinese patents for brand equipment sold in China. The 4G equipment of the WCDMA network protocol (including the 3-mode LTE-TDD equipment) charges a 3.5% patent fee; the fee basis for each patent fee is 65% of the net price of the equipment.
Qualcomm's patent fees are embodied in the chip licensing of baseband processors using these technologies. In 2014, Qualcomm's market share of 4G baseband chips reached 80%, and almost all the high-end mobile phone communication baseband chips were put into the hands. Although under the constraints of anti-monopoly in various countries, Qualcomm dropped to 68.8% in 2015, but it still has strong bargaining power for mobile phone baseband chips.
3The standard game is a game of industry dominance and interests, and the underlying standard breakthrough is significant.Standardization in the field of communications is the participation and decision-making of many companies, and the results tend to satisfy the interests of “most peopleâ€. Enterprise R&D is also mainly invested in the “mutually agreed†route. Before the standard was established, different companies have already made advance layouts on different technical standards. Therefore, each standard has a large number of tests, technologies and patents. From this point of view, the standard game is the game of the dominant chain of the industry chain, and also the game of interest.
In the 3G era, China first launched its own 3G standard TD-SCDMA, forming a three-pronged pattern of WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA, but there are relatively many deficiencies in technology availability and industry chain support; in the 4G era, China's main TD-LTE standard No matter in the maturity of industry and technology, it has become a mainstream technology in 4G and FDD-LTE. From the perspective of 5G, China's communications industry has made a major breakthrough in core coding technology in the process of standard formation. Polar code occupies a place in the eMMB coding standard, and Chinese companies will have stronger voices in the communications industry in the future. According to statistics from the 3GPP website, Chinese companies have a maximum of 15% of patents in the 3G era, and 17% of patents in China in the 4G era. It is expected that the proportion of patents of Chinese companies in the 5G era will further increase.
The leading Polar code of Chinese enterprises such as Huawei and ZTE has achieved the breakthrough of China's underlying communication standards for the first time. The important significance is reflected in:
The Polar short-code scheme led by Chinese manufacturers such as Huawei and ZTE was adopted by 3GPP for the first time and became the 5G channel control coding standard. This proves that China has entered the first-line echelon in the formulation of 5G standards, which is of great significance to the US and European chambers.
The Chinese companies represented by Huawei are the most direct benefits. On the one hand, they are conducive to avoiding patent barriers. On the other hand, the accumulation of a large number of Polar code related patents will become product development, patent licensing and negotiation in the future (Ericsson, Nokia, Samsung, Qualcomm, etc.) An important basis for the accumulation of Polar in a few years.
For Huawei-based companies that support Polar codes (mainly including ZTE, Xiaomi, Lenovo, Datang, Spreadtrum, MediaTek, etc.), they have certain first-mover advantage in patent licensing and R&D development programs.
Second, the Polar code will play a role in more application scenarios. 1. The technical standards of the three major application scenarios will gradually fall to the ground.The eMBB won by Huawei is just one of the scenarios for 5G applications. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines enhanced mobile broadband eMBB, large-connected Internet of Things mMTC, and low-latency, ultra-reliable communication uRLLC as three types of telecom application scenarios of 5G. The three application scenarios all put forward corresponding technical indicators for the peak rate of terminal Internet access, the number of terminal links per unit area, and low-latency and high-reliability communication, so as to meet the enhanced virtual reality. Typical applications in the 5G era, such as live video, massive IoT device access, telemedicine, and autonomous driving. Among them, eMBB corresponds to large-capacity mobile broadband services such as 3D/Ultra HD video, mMTC corresponds to large-scale Internet of Things services, and URLLC corresponds to services such as driverless, industrial automation, etc. that require low latency and high reliability. . Compared with 3G and 4G, only voice and data services are available, and 5G application scenarios involve a wider range of services.
After the eMBB, the channel coding scheme in the URLLC scenario will be determined later, and finally the mMTC scenario is determined. For the IoT channel connection, ZTE proposed that MUSA multiple access technology may also be discussed next year. The coding standards of mMTC and uRLLC are also selected as Polar, LDPC, Turbo and convolutional codes. In the future, various coding schemes will become hot. Although the breakthrough of the Polar code in eMBB application is more symbolic in fact, it opens a door for the international standardization of core technology that China has in the future, and more and more applications will adopt Chinese enterprises. Leading technical standards.
2, Polar, LDPC, Turbo three major coding technologies lead the wayDue to the interference and fading of mobile communication, errors will occur in the signal transmission process. Therefore, the digital signal must adopt the error correction and error detection technology, that is, the correction and error detection coding technology to enhance the data to resist various interferences when transmitting in the channel. Ability to improve system reliability. The error correction and error detection coding for the digital signal to be transmitted in the channel is channel coding.
From the era of 2G all-digital communication, coding is the core issue of wireless communication air interface technology. In the 3G and 4G era, Turbo has always been the absolute overlord of coding, behind which is the support of Ericsson and many European operators. In the 5G era, due to the high rate and low latency characteristics, Turbo has not been able to fully meet the actual technical requirements, thus giving LDPC and Polar re-entry opportunities. The US manufacturers represented by Qualcomm and Intel and the Chinese manufacturers represented by Huawei ZTE competed fiercely with LDPC and Polar respectively. After the competition of RAN1 two meetings, LDPC obtained all the channels and short codes of long codes. The data channel, Polar obtains the control channel of the short code, and Turbo withdraws from the 5G coding standard. In essence, LDPC and Polar code divisions come out in the same place. The LDPC theory founder Harvard Robert G. Gallager is the doctoral tutor of Polar code founder Erdal Arikan. From this perspective, Huawei's Polar Code encoding scheme and Qualcomm's LDPC encoding scheme are actually from the same theoretical system - Professor Robert G. Gallager of Harvard.
Polar code is the first time that the technical standards led by Chinese communication companies have become mainstream technologies. It has a milestone significance. In this RAN1 conference, Huawei and ZTE are the leading Polar codes, including vivo, OPPO, Xiaomi, Alibaba, Lenovo. , China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile, Datang Telecom, Spreadtrum, China Mobile Research Institute, Xinwei Communications, Coolpad and Taiwan's Acer, MediaTek, National Taiwan University and other 59 companies and research institutions. Through the establishment of standards, Chinese enterprises represented by Huawei, ZTE and Datang have the hope to further develop the underlying standard of follow-up communication and share the core value of the 5G industry chain.
After following the follow-up of GSM, CDMA and TD-SCDMA, Chinese communication companies represented by Huawei and ZTE gradually realized the importance of core technology patents and gradually caught up in the 4G-LTE era. Huawei and ZTE were on 4G patents. Ranked third and seventh respectively. In the 5G competitive landscape, LDPC dominates the 5G medium-length coding and short-code data transmission coding. The Huawei Polarization's Polar code wins the short-code control channel coding. However, it should be emphasized that the Polar code is not monopolized by Chinese companies such as Huawei, and the LDPC code is not exclusive to American companies such as Qualcomm. In addition to Huawei's large number of patents in the Polar code, many companies in the United States, Japan, South Korea and Europe also have partial patent rights. Huawei, ZTE and other enterprises in China also have partial patent rights in LDPC. These patents are intertwined and mutually infiltrated. Only intertwined can produce technical standards that are promoted globally. Especially for Huawei, it has already reserved a considerable amount of technology research and development and related patents in the LDPC code. In the future, they will certainly not give up the LDPC code that occupies more than half of the country, but will form a Polar-based LDPC code. Application landscape. Through the gradual possession of such core patents, the Chinese communication industry chain enterprises in the 5G era will transform from followers to industry leaders.
Third, 5G is on the agenda, the standard is determined in 2018, and the commercialization in 2020. The development of the 5G standard is expected to accelerate, and the commercial use is still waiting.At present, the wireless field of the communications industry has entered the post-4G cycle. In particular, China Mobile is in the late stage of perfecting the 4G base station network. Telecom and China Unicom will build a large number of FDD-LTE base stations. As of the third quarter of this year, China Mobile has built the world's largest 4G network. 1.44 million 4G base stations, China Telecom 4G base stations completed 860,000, and the completion of 800MHz spectrum re-cultivation in the first half of next year will build 300,000 new base stations, which will reach 1.16 million 4G base stations, and China Unicom's current 4G base stations will be around 700,000. According to the latest reports from the three operators, as of the third quarter, China Mobile's 4G subscribers were 481 million, China Telecom's 4G subscribers were 121 million, and China Unicom's 4G subscribers were 88.906 million.
According to the 3GPP plan, some of the composition standards will be released in 2016-2017. The Release 15 will be officially released in Release 15 in September 2018. The chip and hardware equipment will be available in 2019, and the commercial 5G will be fully built in 2020. The internet.
However, the major operators in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea have already proposed a faster timetable for 5G technology applications. Domestic and foreign communication giants have begun to experiment and layout the 5G industry chain ahead of schedule. With the gradual establishment of 5G technical standards, combined with the recent progress and application requirements of 5G technology experiments, the formulation of 5G standards is expected to accelerate, and 3GPP will set technical standards in advance to meet the needs of the market.
2, Veriozon 5G standard advancement, bringing fragmentation of technical standardsOn June 30, 2016, Verizon, the largest mobile communication operator in the United States, was the first in the world to release the physical layer standard/specification of 5G (fifth generation mobile communication) air interface, which caused a great sensation in the industry. The relevant standards were jointly developed by Verizon in conjunction with Cisco, Ericsson, Intel, LG Electronics, Nokia, Qualcomm, and Samsung Electronics. Verizon's 5G technical specification standards will also be adopted by handset manufacturers and suppliers. In addition, Verizon has pre-commercially tested 5G in multiple locations in New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Texas.
Compared with the 3GPP LTE standard, the V5G standard includes many 5G technology elements, including wider bandwidth, shorter frame length, self-contained frame structure, LDPC coding, and improvements in MIMO shaping. The corresponding application scenario is also very focused. One of the priority scenarios is fixed wireless access, that is, the use of high-band wireless access to solve the "last mile" access problem of broadband.
On the one hand, the release of the V5G standard specification is expected to accelerate the global commercial process, but on the other hand, as the mainstream member of 3GPP, the 3GPP released the 5G standard, which also represents the appeal of different interest groups and may also bring technical fragmentation in the 5G promotion process. The danger of change. Compared to the technical standards of V5G, the core difference lies in the carrier spacing, which will result in the device simply failing to upgrade from the hardware to the 3GPP 5G standard. The direct problem with this is that there will be pre-commercial equipment in the market that is inconsistent with the 3GPP standard, which is the so-called fragmentation of technical standards.
But from the industry, fragmentation is not conducive to the development of 5G standards and 5G ecology. In the 3G era, the waste of network resources and social benefits brought about by the three-legged TD-SCDMA, WCDMA and CDMA2000 has been vividly witnessed. The formation of a unified 5G technical standard has become the consensus of 3GPP and major operators around the world. We judge that although Verizon and its allies intend to establish their own standards and create new standards, under the urgency of the existing technology reserves and time nodes, the 5G era will eventually have only one unified technical standard, but it is not excluded from all parties. Efforts to make the possibility of the 5G first-phase technical standard released in advance.
3, China's 5G advance layout, the three major operators put into practiceIn the 5G era, China is no longer a standard follower, but will become a global leader in the industry. On September 22 this year, China's 5G first-phase test ended smoothly. After two months, on November 20th, the IMT-2020 (5G) promotion team publicly released the "Technical Specifications for the Second Phase of 5G Technology R&D Test". China's 5G second-stage test "has a basis." According to the plan of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China will launch the second phase of 5G technology R&D test in 2017, and verify the application scenarios for 5G mobile Internet and IoT. After completing the second phase of testing, large-scale test networking will be conducted in 2018. After the official announcement of the 5G standard, China entered the network construction stage, and the official commercial 5G network was established as soon as 2020.
Compared with the planning of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the three major operators in China have already launched the preliminary layout for the first time, and have detailed implementation plans. China Mobile plans to launch large-scale network testing in the next three years, and jointly cooperate with enterprises to conduct application trials, and strive to achieve 5G network commercialization by 2020. China Unicom announced that it will speed up the research of 5G key technologies, lay out the strategic plan for 5G network evolution, and continuously accumulate technology in deep chemical networking to meet its 5G network business goals for 2020. China Telecom proposed Transformation 3.0, plans to carry out 5G deployment in three steps in the next ten years and conduct comprehensive 5G related research and test verification, and strive to launch 5G below 6GHz in 2025.
4. 3GPP leads the 5G development plan, pays attention to the follow-up 5G conference. 1. The dispute between 3GPP and IEEE: ICT convergence is the trendIn the field of communications, there are three major standardization organizations in the world: ITU, 3GPP and IEEE. The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the UN agency responsible for ICT affairs. It is responsible for the allocation and management of global radio spectrum and satellite orbit resources, and the development of global telecommunication standards. Relatively speaking, the official organization of the ITU is more identifiable. 3GPP (The 3rd GeneraTIon Partnership Project) is a leading wireless technology specification organization established by ETSI in Europe, ARIB and TTC in Japan, TTA in Korea and T1 in the United States at the end of 1998 to study and develop and promote evolution-based The 3G standard of the GSM core network, 3GPP is known as the cellular network protocol, and GSM/WCDMA/TD-SCDMA/LTE are all from the 3GPP organization (Note: The early version of GSM and GPRS were developed by the ETSI organization, one of the members of the 3GPP organization, followed by The EDGE protocol was transferred to ETSI for transfer to the 3GPP organization. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is an international association of electronic technology and information science engineers. It is currently the world's largest non-profit professional technology society with more than 40 members. 10,000 people in more than 160 countries. IEEE is committed to the development and research of electrical, electronic, computer engineering and science-related fields, and has developed in the fields of space, computer, telecommunications, biomedicine, power and consumer electronics. More than 900 industry standards have been developed into an international academic organization with great influence. The IEEE organization is mainly dedicated to accounting. The protocol development of computer network communication, including the well-known 802.3, 802.11x series (that is, WIFI), generally speaking, 3GPP stands for CT (communication technology), and IEEE stands for IT (computer technology).
The main members of the 3GPP are from traditional telecom companies, including equipment manufacturers, operators, etc., all from the enterprise. The members of the IEEE are mainly members of the network of computers. In comparison, 3GPP-led standards have better integrity, industry chain support, and commercial profit model experience, but relatively lack of IEEE's ability to dynamically track the market and meet new market development capabilities. The IEEE-led standards, while quickly catering to the new technology capabilities of the market, lack a profitable business model. From the past experience, in the contest between capital and technology, capital is often taken active, which is why Wi-Fi has developed rapidly since the launch of telecom operators. In addition, since 3GPP members have authorized complete frequency resources, and the relatively low frequency spectrum resources of IEEE, it further restricts the further commercialization of WIFI. Therefore, in commercial networks, 3GPP's cellular communication technology has an absolute dominant position. On the other hand, the open organizational structure and strong R&D capabilities of the IEEE have technical advantages unmatched by 3GPP. A few years before the official launch of the LTE standard, the WIMAX standard released by the IEEE took the lead in adopting OFDM technology, and was later adopted in 4G-LTE released by the 3GPP. The two organizations are deeply cultivating in their respective fields and are constantly competing, but in recent years, they have merged with each other, and the trend of mutual penetration has become more obvious. There are more and more cooperation in technology and business, which is also reflected in existing IT technology and CT technology. The continuous integration, the continuous penetration of the market, ICT integration will be the more certain trend direction in the future.
2, 3GPP leads the cellular wireless communication technology standardIn the organizational structure of 3GPP, the top is the Project Coordination Group (PCG), which consists of 6 OPs of ETSI, TIA, TTC, ARIB, TTA and CCSA, and manages and coordinates the Technical Specification Group (TSG). 3GPP is divided into 4 TSGs (previously 5 TSGs, followed by CN and T combined into CT), respectively TSG GERAN (GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network), TSG RAN (Radio Access Network), TSG SA (Service And system), TSG CT (core network and terminal). Each TSG is divided into multiple working groups. For example, the TSG RAN responsible for LTE standardization is divided into RAN WG1 (wireless physical layer), RAN WG2 (wireless layer 2 and layer 3), RAN WG3 (wireless network architecture and interface), RAN WG4 (radio frequency performance) and RAN WG5 (terminal consistent Sex test) 5 working groups.
3GPP members include three categories: organizational partners, market representatives and individual members. 3GPP's organizational partners include European ETSI, Japan's ARIB, Japan's TTC, Korea's TTA, US T1, and China Communications Standards Association's six standardization organizations. 3GPP market representatives are not official standardization organizations, they are organizations that provide market advice and consensus to 3GPP. The addition of the TD-SCDMA Technology Forum has increased the number of 3GPP Partner Program market representatives to six, including: GSM Association, UMTS Forum, IPv6 Forum, 3G Americas, Global Mobile Communications Suppliers Association (The Global Mobile Suppliers AssociaTIon).
In short, 3GPP is a global technical specification organization that combines communication organizations in major developed countries and regions around the world to develop specifications and publish final technical reports for wireless mobile communication technologies. It sets out the normative scope of almost all segments of the communications industry, including wireless, wireline, core network, systems and terminals, and is the authority of the wireless communications industry.
3. From the 4G experience, it will take time to issue the 5G standard.To become a 3GPP standard, a technology needs to be initialized to become SI (Study Item), and TR (Technical Report) can be generated after research and analysis. After 3GPP organization review, it can be converted into WI (Work Item), and then TS is output by each work item group. (Technical Specification). Because of the huge investment in research resources, the whole process is generally led by one or several industry leaders, and the companies that are generally the most contributor in organizational form will act as rapporteurs. At present, 5G is in the SI stage of Release 14, and will form TR in the future, and enter WI in Release 15 in 2017, and finally get the first version of the technical standard TS.
From the perspective of 4G, 4G technologies include TD-LTE and FDD-LTE. In a strict sense, LTE is only 3.9G and has not been approved by 3GPP, so it has not yet reached the 4G standard. Only the upgraded version of LTE Advanced meets the requirements of the International Telecommunications Union for 4G. LTE-Advanced was established as a Study Item in early 2008, formed a Technical Report in 2009, and officially converted to Work Item in 2010. In early 2011, the project team exported the Technical Specification. From the development of 4G, we can also infer that 5G from the current study Item to the final technical specification SI, at least for more than two years.
4, 5G standard will continue to land in the next two yearsThe next two years will be the key point for the determination of 5G technology standards. 3GPP also has several important meetings on 5G master planning and various technical details. For the specific layout of the industry chain, it is necessary to pay attention to the new technology changes and industry guidelines brought by the 3GPP conference. The most noteworthy June 2018, the first version of the 5G technical standard will be frozen in Release 15, and the technical characteristics of 5G will be formally determined. The parameters have clearly defined the technical direction for the commercial construction of the 5G industry, and officially opened the prelude to the comprehensive construction of 5G; in December 2019, Release 16 will be released to announce the second edition of the technical standards, which may be more specific for the application of millimeter waves. The guidelines provide a definitive direction for new 5G changes and new applications brought about by millimeter waves.
V. Investment adviceThe investment here refers to the investment of the communication industry, the investment in the capital market and the driving of hot fermentation and event catalysis. At present, the 5G standard is still in the process of formulation. Combined with the planning of the industry chain, the traffic logic brought by the data center and the 4G will bring about continuous and rapid growth of optical communication and optical modules. After the arrival of 5G, it will form a relay on the demand and become a new pull. point. For the wireless side, the physical layer such as radio frequency radio is the most likely to be the first to be clearly defined. It may involve the selection of large-scale antenna technology (Massive MIMO), high-frequency communication, spectrum sharing, and new multi-address coding. From the point of view of investment in 3G and 4G, RF investment is often initiated first. Currently, multiple operators have begun to test large-scale antenna arrays, full-duplex, high-frequency communication RF technology products in Pre-5G with equipment manufacturers. We believe that the investment in the 5G RF field is also expected to start in 2017. From the perspective of investment order, subsequent master devices, network planning, engineering and network optimization will also be activated in turn.
In addition, the larger changes with 4G are reflected in both quantitative and qualitative changes:The first is that there is no disruptive innovation in the underlying communication technology. The 5G evolution is moving closer to the direction of winning. The number of base station construction, antennas, and fiber optic cables is on a large scale. Especially after the operators have fully deployed 5G, large-scale acquisition. Will continue to be one of the important driving forces for the growth of related companies, wireless, equipment vendors and fiber optic cable related manufacturers will still benefit; meanwhile, with the application of higher frequency communications, higher requirements for core device capabilities, high-frequency devices, The natural weakness of core devices such as chips, digital circuits, power amplifiers, etc., manufacturers who master core technologies and can produce the required chips will benefit;
Second, the network traffic outbreak in the 5G era brings about the efficient operation and maintenance management of the network. Software-defined network technologies such as SDN and NFV will gradually penetrate the communication network.
2. Investment adviceIn the future, the scale of the 5G market will exceed 100 billion US dollars. From the technical characteristics and industrial changes of 5G, it is directly beneficial: the main equipment, optical modules, antennas, and small base stations can be laid out in these four directions:
1) Wireless and network equipment suppliers are deterministic core beneficiaries, and the increasing dominance of Chinese companies in standards will drive the participation of the entire domestic industry chain in the global 5G ecosystem;
2) The increase in the number of base stations and the upgrade of 5G technology will bring about a jump in the number and rate of optical modules connected between base stations. 6G optical modules are widely used in 4G base stations, and 10G/25G optical modules are fully upgraded in the 5G era. The number level reaches 20. Optical module manufacturers will fully benefit from the construction of 5G base stations;
3) MIMO multi-antenna technology, ultra-high frequency and even millimeter wave frequency band applications, will bring a surge in the demand for RF antennas, RF connection devices and cables;
4) From the perspective of the construction demand of 5G, the mode of “macro station + small station†network coverage will be adopted, and in the post 4G period, the small base station will become the mainstream technology of room division and network optimization.
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