A voltage transformer, commonly referred to as a PT (Potential Transformer), is an electrical device that steps down high voltage from a circuit to a lower, more manageable level. It plays a crucial role in power systems by providing safe and accurate voltage signals for measuring instruments, relay protection systems, and automatic control devices. The primary winding of the PT is connected to the high-voltage side of the system, while the secondary winding is connected to the low-voltage side. This isolation ensures that the secondary equipment remains safely separated from the high-voltage system—only magnetic coupling exists, with no direct electrical connection. This feature is essential for both safety and system reliability. Voltage transformers are designed to operate with high reliability, as any failure can affect both the primary and secondary systems. In theory, PTs are not prone to major failures like short circuits or insulation breakdowns. However, common issues include blown fuses, poor contact in the secondary circuit, or loose connections. Our company has been manufacturing PTs for over 20 years, and through extensive testing and real-world experience, we have found that the most frequent problem is a broken PT loop. During our operations, we have encountered this issue twice. Based on our field experience and technical references, we have developed a systematic approach to handle PT loop disconnections. When a PT loop breaks, several symptoms may occur: the "voltage circuit break" indicator light turns on, an alarm sounds, the voltmeter shows zero or unbalanced three-phase voltages, active power meters show abnormal readings, and the energy meter might stop. In some cases, a ground signal may appear if the high-voltage fuse is blown. Additionally, the monitoring voltmeter may read lower than normal, while the phase-to-phase voltages remain stable. Possible causes of PT loop disconnection include blown fuses (both high and low voltage), poor contact in the secondary circuit, faulty auxiliary switch contacts, or loose or broken connectors. To address such issues, the following steps should be taken: 1. Deactivate relay protection and automatic devices to prevent false trips. 2. If instrument readings are incorrect due to a secondary circuit fault, rely on other available instruments to monitor the system and avoid changing the operational mode. 3. Check the high and low voltage fuses. Replace them if they are blown. 4. Inspect the secondary voltage circuit for loose or disconnected contacts and ensure all switching circuits are properly connected. This guide reflects our accumulated practical knowledge over the years. We are committed to continuous improvement and welcome collaborative discussions to develop safer, more effective, and reliable solutions for PT maintenance and troubleshooting.
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