Proportion, the fluorescent lamps and other energy-saving lamps that we use nowadays have been greatly improved in luminous efficiency compared with the earlier ordinary incandescent lamps, and have been widely used. As the level of manufacturing technology continues to increase, LEDs (light-emitting diodes) are also widely used in various lighting fields.
LEDs have higher luminous efficiency, lower power consumption and longer service life, and have achieved very good results in urban lighting projects and home lighting. In the current energy shortage environment, LED energy-saving technology will become a very important development direction. Our country has launched the “Semiconductor Lighting†project to develop and promote it as a new generation of green lighting sources.
1 LED lighting advantages
1.1 High luminous efficiency
After decades of technological improvements, LEDs have greatly improved their luminous efficiency. The incandescent lamp and tungsten halogen have a luminous efficiency of 12 to 24 lumens per watt, fluorescent lamps of 50 to 70 lumens per watt, and sodium lamps of 90 to 140 lumens per watt, and most of the power consumption becomes heat loss. The improved LED light efficiency will reach 50-200 lumens/watt, and its light has good monochromaticity and narrow spectrum. It can directly emit colored visible light without filtering. At present, countries all over the world are conducting research on improving LED light efficiency, and their luminous efficiency will be greatly improved in the near future.
1.2 Low power consumption
The LED is driven by DC. The single-tube driving voltage is 1.5~3.5V, the current is 10~18mA, the reaction speed is fast, and it can work at higher frequency.
In the case of the same lighting effect, the power consumption is about one tenth of that of an incandescent bulb, which is about one third of a fluorescent tube. Take the bridge guardrail lamp as an example. The same effect of a fluorescent lamp with ballast loss consumes more than 40 watts of power, and the power of each LED is only 10~15W, no ballast is needed, and it can change colorfully.
1.3 Long service life
The use of electronic light field radiation, the filament is easy to burn, thermal deposition, light attenuation and other shortcomings. The LED lamp is small in size, light in weight and epoxy resin package, and can withstand high-strength mechanical shock and vibration, and is not easily broken. LEDs have an average life of 100,000 hours. The ordinary white LED used for illumination has an effective service life of more than 20,000 hours, and the special illumination LED known as zero light decay has a longer life. The service life of LED lamps can reach 5~10 years, which can greatly reduce the maintenance cost of lamps and avoid the pain of frequent lamp replacement.
1.4 Strong safety and reliability
Low calorific value, no heat radiation, cold light source, can control light type and illuminating angle, soft light color, no glare; no mercury, sodium and other substances that may be harmful to health.
1.5 Conducive to environmental protection
The LED is an all-solid illuminant, which is resistant to shock and impact, and can be recycled without waste. The light source is small in size and can be combined at will. It is easy to develop into a light, thin and short lighting product, and is also easy to install and maintain. Of course, energy saving is the most important reason for us to consider the use of LED light sources. Maybe LED light sources are more expensive than traditional light sources, but we can recover the investment of light source with energy saving for one year, so we can get several times of energy saving net income every year for 4~9 years. .
2 LED lighting production
Here to introduce you to the production of an LED lighting, we first get a general understanding of the characteristics of white LED. This kit uses a 5mm diameter straw hat white LED, as shown in Figure 1. Each LED is rated at 3.0~3.2V, with brightness of 1400~1600mcd and rated working current of 20mA. When the operating current is smaller, the luminous efficiency is higher, the temperature rise is lower, and the effective light source life can be more than 20,000 hours. (Because the use time increases, the LED will gradually decrease the brightness due to the light decay. The effective light source life refers to the accumulated working time of the LED that can emit effective and valuable light when working. After this time, the LED can still be Bright, but the brightness is too low, thus losing practical value.) The life of ordinary energy-saving lamps is only about 5,000 hours, and the life of ordinary incandescent bulbs is only about 1,000 hours. From the cost of replacing the bulbs and the electricity saved, Using LED lights is still very cost effective.
figure 1
The finished LED lamp is shown in Figure 2. The measured power consumption of the full lamp is about 3.3W. After lighting, it is roughly equivalent to the brightness of a 40W incandescent lamp, which is equivalent to the brightness of a 7-9W energy-saving lamp. It is continuously lit for 24 hours and consumes less than 0.08 degrees of power consumption, which has significant energy saving effect. The E27 size threaded port is the same as the ordinary incandescent lamp at the bottom of the lamp for easy installation. The use of a frosted lampshade ensures high light transmission while also making the LEDs glare when looking directly at the LED. This LED light is suitable for use as a lighting in places where desks, bedsides, kitchens, bathrooms, public corridors, etc. are not too large.
figure 2
The circuit schematic is shown in Figure 3. 220V mains first passes through C1 and R2 to resist the voltage drop, of which R2 is the bleeder resistor, C1 is the step-down capacitor, and its withstand voltage is 400V. After that, the DC output is output through the W1 rectifier bridge, and after R4 is limited, it is sent to 60 LEDs connected in series. Because the load of the resistor-capacitor LED is not a pure resistor, but rather a characteristic of the Zener tube, the current flowing through the LED is about 13 mA according to the parameters of the schematic parameter selection. C2 is a filter capacitor that prevents the impact of large currents on the LED at the moment of turning on the light. R1 is an NTC thermistor. When an unexpected current condition occurs in the circuit, the resistance increases, which causes the current to decrease, thereby providing protection.
image 3
There are 60+2, 2 of which are just spare parts. The surface of the circular plate of the soldered LED is coated with white paint to increase the reflective effect. For the convenience of the user, the 220V lead wire inside the threaded port is crimped by a special tool when it is shipped from the factory, which can prevent the lead wire from falling off and causing an accident.
Figure 4
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