First, the composition of the product standard system
LED is an emerging lighting electrical product. LED products include themselves, supporting control devices and luminaire products using them as light sources. The standard terms related to these products mainly consist of the following aspects.
1. The terms of use of the product in relation to the safety of people's lives and property
As an electrical product, the safety requirements in use are the most important part recognized internationally. In this respect, China's product standards are almost equivalent to the IEC standard. Even China's own safety standards refer to the IEC standards and/or Or standards such as ANSI, and are issued and implemented as mandatory standards. For example, the GB19510/IEC61347 lamp control device series and the GB7000/IEC60598 lamp series standard and most of the terms of the light source safety standard fall into this category.
2. Performance requirements of LEDs, control devices and lamps themselves
The purchase of a product by a consumer is actually a function of purchasing the product, and the function of the product is achieved by the evaluation of the performance terms in this aspect. As the LED products for lighting and the corresponding accessory products, it is no exception. The latest (reported draft) "performance requirements for LED modules for general lighting", "performance requirements for self-ballasted LED lamps for general lighting" and "LED modules" In the performance requirements of DC or AC electronic control devices, the light efficiency, color characteristics, light decay, life and energy efficiency indicators, as well as the luminosity and efficiency indicators of the lamps reflect this requirement.
3. Requirements for the cooperation of LEDs, control devices and lamps
This part of the standard can be divided into products by product:
(1) Design requirements of the light source for the control device
The light control unit is for the light source. It should be said that the safety indicator of the lamp control device is the most important, but most of its assessment requirements are similar to other electrical appliances, so it is easier to understand. As the requirement of cooperation with the light source, the internal mechanism is relatively profound. The normal working state of the light source is mainly provided by the control device. The matching performance between the control device and the light source is directly related to the luminous efficiency and luminous stability of the light source. And service life, and affect the overall energy efficiency of the system.
(2) Light source design requirements for lamps
After the light source is installed in the luminaire, the working condition of the light source depends on the design structure of the luminaire. If the design structure of the luminaire is unreasonable, it will also seriously affect the normal operation and service life of the light source. For example, road lamps using LEDs require a good seal of the lamp to ensure dustproof and waterproof functions, and a good heat dissipation function to ensure that the junction temperature of the LED can still be at a reasonable level under many adverse conditions. .
4. The assessment clause of the power supply when working on the lighting appliance
As an electrical appliance, it must comply with the assessment requirements of the power supply, so as to ensure the normal operation of the power supply system and maintain high power supply efficiency. The assessment clauses in this respect are GB17625.1/IEC61000-3-2 line power factor, power supply current harmonics and voltage drop and flicker of GB17625.2/IEC61000-3-3.
5. Electromagnetic interference to the outside world and electromagnetic interference against the outside world
As electrical appliances, electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other electrical appliances, such as power terminal disturbances and radiated disturbances in GB17743/CISPR15, should be limited, while also being able to withstand all possible electromagnetic interference (EMS), such as IEC61547, FCC, etc. The terms of resistance to various electromagnetic interferences.
2. Identification and introduction of LEDs for lighting and their final product application standards
From the above, we can know that for any kind of product, it is generally not a single standard to completely cover all the assessment requirements. Any product standard is aimed at a certain aspect of the corresponding product and is applicable to A certain range. It is generally complemented by multiple standards, cited and mutually supported to form a complete standard system, which is the practice adopted by various standard systems in the world.
1. Standards for LED lighting fixtures and final application products
Due to the industry separation left by China's planned economy and the narrow knowledge of the practitioners in many lighting industries, it is often heard that some people say that "LED lighting and final application products are currently not assessed." Very naive. For example, LEDs are used as the light source for various final applications. The lamps or self-ballasted lamps composed of them have no change in terms of functions and product attributes. Therefore, the relevant standard requirements of the lamps and lanterns almost cover the assessment contents of them. . At present, various lamps using LED light sources must meet the safety standards, electromagnetic compatibility requirements and light distribution requirements of the lamps. In addition, the assessment criteria for the on-site lighting effects of such lamps are also fully suitable for such lamps. In other words, the requirements for the use of LEDs as light sources (and end products for applications) have long existed. However, there are still many practitioners in our industry who have not identified them.
2. Standards for LED control device products
In terms of LED control devices, the international requirements for IEC61347-2-13 safety standards and ICE62384 performance requirements have been met in the previous year. China's corresponding national standards have been approved for approval this year. These two standards and the referenced GB19510.1/IEC61347-1 standard and China's corresponding EMC standards have formed a complete assessment requirements for lighting LED control devices. In addition, in the GB/TXXXX/ICE62384 LED module control device performance requirements standard (reported draft), the requirements for energy efficiency assessment of LED control devices have also been added. The implementation of these standards can effectively control the current low-energy efficiency of resistor current limiting in the LED current limiting and the unsafe hidden dangers. Even for some LEDs that do not have a current limiting and steady flow effect, but only have control devices that adjust the dimming, discoloration, and bright and dark alternation functions of each group of LEDs, there are already GB19510.12/IEC61347-2-11 The special requirements for miscellaneous electronic circuits used in conjunction with lamps. It should be said that the evaluation standards for the control devices for lighting LEDs and modules that have been and will be issued are already perfect.
3. Standards for LEDs for lighting and their module products
For the LEDs for lighting and their modules, the product standards in this area are both emerging and need to be continuously improved. This year, China has formulated the "Safety Requirements for Self-ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting with Above 50V" and "Performance Requirements for Self-ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting". This product has independent use and is more relevant to other accessory products. Small features, so its standards are relatively complete. Coupled with the applicable EMC assessment criteria, it has basically become a comprehensive assessment system.
For lighting LEDs and their LED modules, five standards formulated this year, "Glossary and definitions of LEDs and LED modules for general lighting", "Test methods for LED modules for general lighting", and "Safety requirements for LED modules for general lighting" 》, “Performance Requirements for LED Modules for General Lightingâ€, and industry standard “Performance Requirements for LEDs for General Lighting†(has become a draft for approval). The five standards formulated this year have greatly improved the assessment requirements for such finished products. It should be said that when these lighting LED standards were reported this year, China’s standard system for LEDs for lighting and their final products has been Basically formed.
Third, the existing general lighting LED and its final product standard defects
According to the content of the first part of the product standard system in this paper, the current (and forthcoming) standards of the second part of this paper and the contents of these standards can be found. Some product standards with LED as a light source have obvious defects, mainly Expressed in the following aspects:
1. As an illumination source, because of its own particularity, it is necessary to meet the requirements of the control device that works with it. For example, in the performance standards of fluorescent lamps and the standards of HID light sources, the specifications for each type of lamp are The design requirements of the ballast are given, so that the control device can provide a normal operation for the light source during use, exert its special features, and ensure the proper condition of the life of the light source, and the currently approved LED for illumination There are no such requirements in the performance standards.
2. As a lighting source, it is generally installed in a luminaire or similar device to be sold as a commodity to consumers. Due to the particularity of the work of the light source, the luminaire is also required to meet the requirements. For example, the standard for luminaires and HID lamps will be given “Lighting Design Requirementsâ€. It is required to pay attention to the corresponding requirements of the light source when designing the luminaire, and provide a good working condition for the work of the light source. It also ensures the service life of the light source in the luminaire. This part of the relevant standards for LEDs that have been approved for lighting is not currently available.
3. The luminaire is a durable consumer product. Therefore, in the safety requirements of the luminaire, the durability test project requires that the luminaire can still work normally after the abnormal state of the light source is tested and the light source is replaced. In the thermal test, the internal electronic components are measured. And the temperature of the component, whether the surface temperature exceeds the tc value when the thermal equilibrium is continuously worked. The junction temperature of the LED light source during operation is an important parameter related to the light efficiency and the service life. However, there are currently no requirements for measurement and limitation in the lamp standard.
The above three points are the most important part of the lighting LED entering the general lighting field, and play a leading role in the light source products and the final lighting products. However, at present, there is a clear disconnect between the Chinese industry and this industry. The main reasons are two aspects. First, the manufacturers of LEDs and their modules have not carefully verified the mass-produced products. They have not provided the products of each model specification in the typical working state. The corresponding curve of Vf-junction temperature, the corresponding curve of luminous efficiency-junction temperature, also does not provide the temperature limit value measured by the reference point of the LED light source under typical working conditions. Another reason is that the majority of luminaire manufacturers have not fully understood and realized that LEDs used as light sources must be guaranteed in addition to general safety requirements, light efficiency requirements, and EMC requirements when applied to luminaires. When all the most unfavorable conditions that may occur are still produced, it is still necessary to ensure good working conditions, so that the characteristics of the long life of the LED can be fully exerted.
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