2.1 System Model
This chapter outlines the various device units that can be part of a RapidIO-based system. The RapidIO protocol is designed to support a wide range of devices, each playing a specific role in enabling high-speed communication between components. Understanding these units is essential for designing and implementing efficient systems based on RapidIO technology.
2.1.1 Processing Unit Model
Figure 1-1 illustrates a typical RapidIO-based computer system. In this model, the processing element consists of a computer device such as a processor combined with local memory, all connected to the RapidIO interconnect. The system bridge serves as an interface for I/O subsystems, including PCI interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet ports, interrupt controllers, and other peripheral components.
2.1.1.1 Processor-Memory Processing Unit Model
Figure 1-2 shows a processing unit that includes a processor connected to a proxy device. This proxy handles certain tasks on behalf of the processor and, most importantly, provides access to local memory. It also offers a low-latency path for remote memory access through the RapidIO interface, improving overall system performance.
2.1.1.2 Integrated Processor-Memory Processing Unit Model
Another form of the processor-memory unit is shown in Figure 1-3. This is a fully integrated device designed specifically for connection to the RapidIO system. It combines memory and supporting logic into a single silicon chip, making it ideal for applications requiring compact and high-performance designs.
2.1.1.3 Memory Processing Unit Only
Unlike a traditional processing unit, this type may not include a processor at all. Instead, it is a pure memory device that responds only to external requests and does not handle local processing. All operations are performed remotely, making it suitable for applications where memory access is the primary function.
2.1.1.4 Processor-Only Processing Unit
Similar to the memory-only unit, this device contains only a processor without any local memory, as depicted in Figure 1-5. It relies entirely on remote memory access, which can be optimized using the RapidIO protocol’s efficient communication features.
2.1.1.5 I/O Processing Unit
This type of processing unit acts as a bridge, similar to the one shown in Figure 1-1. Unlike processors or memory devices, an I/O unit is responsible for moving data between local and remote memory. It plays a crucial role in connecting peripheral devices to the main system.
2.1.1.6 Switch Processing Unit
The switch processing unit enables communication between different processing units via a switch. A switch can connect multiple RapidIO-compatible devices, forming a scalable and flexible network. An example of a possible switch is illustrated in Figure 1-6. The behavior and general structure of such switches are defined in the RapidIO transport protocol.
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