Because the city is made up of a large number of buildings, it is inevitably the most important source of carbon emissions. Despite this, the research on urban landscape design methods combined with the low-carbon concept has not systematically studied the results, mostly staying in the theoretical research stage, lacking a comprehensive review of methods. Therefore, the part of the low-carbon concept that is specifically combined with the urban landscape and used in practice is particularly worthy of our attention and exploration.
1. Landscape classification of low carbon concept
The low-carbon concept can be used to create low-carbon habitats in the landscape, which can be divided into carbon reduction and carbon sequestration. Low carbon is not only closely related to the social environment, but also closely related to people's livelihood. Therefore, both carbon reduction and carbon fixation need to be analyzed and explored from both macro and micro design.
Second, the planning and design means to create a carbon-reduced landscape habitat
The concept of carbon reduction in the landscape is largely reflected in the recycling and reuse of carbon energy, that is, the implantation of low-carbon landscape energy flow. In the process of rapid urbanization, the main carbon source comes from land use and energy utilization. Therefore, carbon reduction can be controlled from the macro-strategy of the city, and the landscape design methods and techniques are improved at the micro level. From the perspective of planning strategy, Huailai's “zero carbon city†model has implications for the creation of low-carbon landscapes. The so-called zero carbon is not without carbon dioxide emissions, but the dynamic carbon balance that carbon sources and carbon sinks can offset each other. The coordinated development of clean energy, creative R&D and red wine industry constitutes the coupling structure of Huailai's basic industry. This carbon-free industrial cluster construction provides a macro-level guarantee for the construction of zero-carbon city. On this basis, Huailai started the construction of low-carbon landscape tourism industry such as wind energy sightseeing by means of the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiao high-speed railway, and realized its new industry by creating such dematerialized and natural low-carbon tourism attractions. Based on the zero carbon city concept.
Not only in the industrial positioning, but also a city's landscape transportation system is also an important part of carbon reduction. A zero-transfer system between the construction sites, combined with the TOD model (a public transport-oriented development, a non-automotive planning method that maximizes its use), can reduce traffic energy consumption while Encourage more citizens to ride or walk to form a virtuous circle of green transportation. Moreover, since ancient times, Chinese gardens have a natural tradition of harmony between man and nature. The transportation system is mostly accompanied by natural stone and grassy flowers. This low-carbon landscape system is also worth learning today.
At the design level, the low-carbon landscape is more reflected in the conceptual guidance, that is, the landscape vocabulary of the spirit of low-carbon places. Landscape design should also serve as a popular science resource that can be submerged for residents while it is responsible for beautifying the environment and improving the quality of life. In order to welcome the 17th Provincial Games, Jiangsu Changzhou plans to implement 290 million to implement the “One Road and Two Districts†landscape lighting improvement project, which is undoubtedly carrying out unnecessary energy waste while pursuing landscape quality. At the same time, the perfect cogeneration and district heating network, combined with landscape facilities, bloom everywhere in Berlin; Copenhagen has established a vast cogeneration and district heating network, while vigorously developing wind power with landscaping functions. It can be seen that the beautification of the landscape does not necessarily need to be built at the expense of carbon energy. Through this striking comparative analysis, we can easily find out the neglect and deficiency of low carbon landscape design.
Third, the planning and design means to create a carbon-fixed landscape habitat
In macro-planning, it is possible to establish a carbon source and a carbon neutrality site in the city by sorting out the landscape sequence at the city level. The Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Eco-city, which is expected to be completed around 2020, is a model. Dongtan is planning and building with sustainable development ideas and is moving towards the goal of the world's first carbon neutral region. In the landscape planning at the city level, using the advantages of its own coastal area, the use of abundant wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy to achieve low-carbonization of electric heating energy, the roof of the building will use the natural insulation layer of the lawn and plants for greening and carbon fixation. At the same time, 80% of the solid waste in the urban area is recycled to prevent the loss of carbon resources.
In landscape design, carbon sequestration design can be based on analysis and summarization of carbon energy at the node level. Taking advantage of the World Expo as an opportunity, Chengdu “Live Water Park†showed people the urban sewage treatment method with both landscape and ecological effects. “Live Water Park†uses its own clear water and green plants to treat the water by artificial wetland and pure natural means to solidify the carbon source. On this basis, it also injects some unique Sichuan vegetation and regional Chengdu history. Cultural elements increase their intimacy and make it easier for visitors to embrace their environmental philosophy. This way of treating water through the expression of landscape vocabulary has better popularized the low-carbon concept and has a great promotion and demonstration effect.
These carbon-fixing landscape nodes are not only reflected in the world-famous parks such as the World Expo. Such design of daily life should also be valued and promoted. For example, a rainwater recovery site is built in a local section of a city street, and the natural rainwater circulation system is restored by collecting surface runoff in the surrounding area, and the area of ​​the soft landscape is increased by multi-point greening to simulate the natural carbon sequestration capacity of the natural world. Through the recovery of water and green carbon sequestration to suppress urban carbon sources, the formation of the main "carbon sink" network in the city, and these landscape facilities can gradually change people's understanding of the old life mode.
Third, the conclusion
The prospect of low-carbon landscape is full of opportunities and challenges, so we have a long way to go as a landscape worker. On the one hand, relevant departments should clearly define the carbon reduction and carbon sequestration indicator system to promote and promote low-carbon landscapes; on the other hand, enhance the operability and evaluability of relevant regulations, and raise the relevant indicators of low-carbon landscape to quantify The level of operation to avoid the general low carbonization of the landscape. Landscape workers should also adapt to local conditions and consider the differences between economic development and environmental resources in different regions. The low-carbon landscape cannot be replicated in a single stylized model. It must be based on the rational analysis of its carbon resources and carbon footprint. Landscape design.
references
[1] Cheng Yuning. Theory and Method of Modern Landscape Design [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2010
[2] L• McHag. Design combined with nature [H] • 芮 Jingwei, translation • Beijing China Building Industry Press, 1992
[3] (US) Frederic Steiner, Landscape of Life - Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning, China Building Industry Press, 2004.4
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