One morning in early May, Brian Lathrop, a senior engineer at the Volkswagen Electronics Research Laboratory, sat in a Tesla ModelS car along a road near Blacksburg, Virginia. Although Lathrop's hands were on the steering wheel, there was no actual control of the car. Because this Tesla is in the "autopilot" mode. This is a highly engaged cruise speed, with a large number of sensors that allow the car to change routes, turn corners, and cooperate with unassisted traffic conditions. At that time, the Lathrop car deviated from the track of the road sign in the unmanned driving, but fortunately he timely stabilized the steering wheel out of the unmanned state. "If I didn't realize the danger at the time, it might be another result now," Lathrop said.
In the same week, a 600-year-old driver named Joshua Brown had a completely different result 600 miles outside of Blacksburg, Virginia. His ModelS galloped in an automatic mode on Interstate 27, hitting an 18-wheel trailer on the side, and Tesla's roof and windshield were all cut off. Brown did not die. The crash is still under investigation.
Journalists, engineers, science fiction writers, ethicists, car manufacturers, and of course lawyers have long anticipated this moment. In mid-March this year, Mary Cummings, director of the Humans and Autonomy Laboratory at Duke University, called for the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation to “significantly accelerate the driverless test plan†to avoid semi-autonomous driving. The emergence of the first death case. Now the results are unfortunately being said by them, and it is more difficult to convince customers to trust Tesla.
However, as Tesla wrote in his blog, the brown accident is the only death since the "unmanned" model was 130 million miles. According to Google’s records, its unmanned vehicle has only had a small touch after driving more than 150 miles. It is an unmanned Lexus SUV and a bus. Uber is also planning a comprehensive and final unmanned taxi. Uber runs an unmanned test vehicle in Pittsburgh, and the company says it hopes that "unmanned traffic in the future will be familiar to people like tap water." In fact, as of now, unmanned vehicles have indeed maintained a good safety record. According to the non-profit organization's National Security Council annual report, there are 1.3 deaths per 100 million miles of driving – equivalent to 33,000 deaths per year. However, there is a big loophole in such comparisons. Because driverless is designed only for driving on the highway, the accident here is far less than anywhere else. According to a recent survey by the American Automobile Association (AAA), only a quarter of American drivers trust the driverless mode. CEOChrisRockwell of Lextant, a consulting firm focused on user experience, believes that “the real barrier to widespread adoption of driverlessness comes from psychologyâ€.
Users must understand that the car is perceiving the surrounding environment – ​​other vehicles, pedestrians, and the surrounding environment. Finally, the driver must be prepared before the vehicle enters the exercise. For the passengers, nothing is more alarming than the driver suddenly changing lanes or turning. According to a paper published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology in 2014, the more people like the car's identification and alerting functions, such as name, voice and gender, the more people trust the car to be perfectly unmanned as humans drive.
When a person is behind the steering wheel of a driverless car for the first time, he will feel the danger he has never had before. According to Lathrop, 10 years ago, the company conducted a series of internal studies that placed people in the driver's seat and they were told it was a completely unmanned car. In fact, behind the curtain behind them, there is a real-life driver who knows the road ahead of the car through the camera and controls the whole car, just like playing a video game. “We found that the people in the driver's seat quickly felt comfortable – actually adapting very quickly, and letting the car drive,†Lathrop said. Freeing hands and feet from driving, most people will experience what the researchers call "passive fatigue" - a state of retarded consciousness. In just 10 seconds, this awareness will appear. The driver instinctively begins to distract due to fatigue caused by inactivity. FrankBaressi said that the 62-year-old truck driver who crashed Tesla once said that when he approached the wrecked car, he heard that the movie "Harry Potter" was being played in the car, and the investigators found the hand in the car. DVD player and laptop.
Perfect technologyI have been sparing no effort to warn consumers that their car is in automatic mode and still pay attention to the road, but this warning may not be enough. Recently, LauraMacCleery, vice president of consumer policy and mobilization for consumer reporting, said the TeslaAutopilot feature "given consumers a sense of security." Now, a paradox faced by driverless engineers: how to design such an automatic car, which makes people feel safe and always reminds drivers that neither humans nor artificial intelligence is perfect. In other words, how can we get the driver out of the burden of driving and at the same time give them the psychological burden.
Recently, the senior officials of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration commented on the Tesla incident: "Even after the collision of Tesla, regulators should not expect to slow down the development of driverless technology. The automatic industry cannot Waiting for perfection, but to pay attention to how the company is rapidly developing a technology that makes cars safer."
In the same week, Elon Musk said on his Twitter that Tesla is optimizing the Autopilot's unmanned radar system. Optimization will reduce the correlation between the radar system and the camera system, allowing the radar to detect obstacles with fewer data points. Automotive sensors currently generate a lot of data, and computers don't have the ability to handle all of this data.
Enter the shared travel areaSince the Tesla crash, its stock has fallen, and the capital market predicts that Musk will adjust Tesla's main business in order to avoid the limelight. Unexpectedly, Musk, who has always "launched the satellite", did not disappoint everyone this time. Tesla recently released a master plan on its official website, which not only included driverless cars in its main development strategy, but also expanded its operations into the fields of driverless buses and heavy trucks.
This summer, unmanned buses will be on the road in Finland to solve the problem of urban traffic circulation. These energy-efficient small trams carry up to 9 people at a time. Two of the buses will be first opened in the Hernesaari area of ​​Helsinki in July this year, and will then arrive in places like Espoo and Tampere, and will stop running before winter. The support of the Finnish government has also created possibilities for the operation of unmanned buses, and the Ministry of Transport and Communications allows unmanned vehicles to operate in real urban environments.
Global cars will gradually enter the era of shared services. In the future planning, Tesla is ready to grab business with Uber. Tesla plans to launch a car sharing service similar to the current taxi software. If you have a Tesla car and a corresponding mobile app, you can add your car to the Tesla team. According to Musk, most people now use only 5%-10% of their cars, and the basic economic utility of a truly driverless car can be multiplied several times. When Tesla puts the design on an unmanned vehicle, it will bring more benefits than someone driving.
GM Chairman DanAmmann also said that GM is in the development of the driverless ChevroletBoltEVs in San Francisco, because fully automated cars will bring huge benefits to consumers, convenience, low cost and higher traffic safety.
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