Abstract: Site lighting design is one of the main contents of the international first-class comprehensive stadium electrical design. The article focuses on the national stadium lighting design standards, analyzes the methods, key points and difficulties of the venue lighting design, compares the characteristics of the world's major stadium lighting design, and determines the direction for the Chinese National Stadium venue lighting design. Keywords: stadium venue illumination illuminance uniformity glare color rendering 1. National Stadium Overview The 29th Summer Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in Beijing, the capital of China. Its main sports sing - National Stadium is located in the southern part of the Olympic Park, north of the North Fourth Ring Road, west of Beichen East Road, east of the extension line of the North Central Axis Road, covering an area of ​​22 hectares, opposite the National Stadium and the National Swimming Center on the west side. Evenly arranged on the central axis. The National Stadium will be the landmark building in the Beijing Olympic Park, and it is also the largest national sports giant in China. The multi-functional sports with international advanced level are often jointly created by China Architecture Design and Research Institute and Swiss Herzog & deMeuron Architects. The program won the bid in the national stadium project bidding, and is now in a tense design stage. The project is expected to start on November 29, 2003 and be completed in 2006. During the Olympic Games, the National Stadium will accommodate 100,000 people, including 80,000 fixed seats. Temporary seats are 20,000. Temporary seats will be dismantled after the Olympics. Compared with the surrounding buildings, the stadium will be lifted 4.8m overall. The stadium will be connected to the surrounding by a gentle slope of 3 to 6%. The 0-level elevation is 1.0m. The main equipment room Large-scale computer rooms and equipment such as TV broadcast cars are located on the 0th floor. Therefore, the National Stadium has no basement. In addition to the 0th floor, there are 6 floors on the ground and the stadium building height is 66.87m. The most distinctive feature of the National Stadium is that it can be opened. The roof, which is also one of the few in the world. From the use, the National Stadium should consider the recent and long-term In the near future, the 2008 Olympic Games will mainly undertake the opening ceremony, the closing ceremony, the track and field competitions, etc. It is also the main event of the 2008 Olympic Games in the long-term to consider the World Athletics Championships, the World Cup and other special major competitions. It is necessary to undertake various regular events such as Asian Games, Asian Athletics Championships, Intercontinental Comprehensive Competitions, National Games, National Football League, as well as non-competition projects such as cultural performances, group events, and commercial exhibitions. Comprehensive sports often have different requirements for site lighting. However, regardless of how many sports events are integrated in the stadium, they must also meet the relevant international sports organizations and the General Association of International Sports Federation. The IOC's requirements for venue lighting, otherwise the stadium will not pass the acceptance. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be broadcast to the world using high-definition television (HDTV), which has higher definition and image than ordinary TV systems. Better quality, HDTV digital letter The number is not susceptible to interference, but it also puts higher requirements on lighting. 2?1 Stadium venue lighting design standards The main competitions of the National Stadium include track and field, football, etc. Therefore, the venue lighting should meet the standards. Generally speaking, The standards set by international sports organizations are higher than those of China's national or industry standards. Therefore, in the design of stadium lighting, only the first five international standards can be met. According to the nature, level and requirements of the competition, the competition is very graded. It is necessary. The International Sports Federation GAISF classifies the competition according to whether the competition is a professional competition, and the FIFA FIFA classifies the football competition according to whether there is a TV broadcast. The purpose of artificial lighting in the stadium is to provide a good vision for the people participating in the competition. surroundings. There are several types of people participating in the competition: athletes, referees, officials; advertisers; television, film camera personnel; text reporters, photographers; audience. Therefore, the venue lighting of the main stadium of the Olympic Games should meet the standard requirements such as horizontal illumination, vertical illumination of a certain camera direction, uniformity of illumination U1 and U2, color rendering index Ra, glare index GR, and illumination gradient. In addition to the main stadium, the National Stadium has two warm-up venues on the north side of the home stadium, which can be used for warm-up, training, and mass sports and fitness activities after the Olympics. Warm-up venues can be used for track and field and football matches. In summary, the lighting design of the National Stadium venue should fully meet the requirements, while also meeting the requirements of non-athletic competitions such as performances and exhibitions. In order to facilitate management and meet energy-saving requirements, the National Stadium has many lighting modes, which can be roughly divided into the following categories: The main stadiums are: track and field training, track and field domestic competitions, domestic competitions for track and field TV broadcasting, international competitions for track and field TV broadcasting, track and field. High-definition television HDTV broadcast, track and field emergency TV broadcast competition, football V-class international competition, football IV domestic competition, football III domestic competition, football II league, club competition, football I-level training and entertainment, etc. 12 This is the most basic requirement for the game. The number of lamps that are put into operation in different lighting modes is also different, and the lighting that realizes different modes will be completed by the automatic lighting control system. The attached lighting mode has two kinds of track and field training and football training. 2.2 Main points of stadium lighting design National stadiums include track and field and football stadiums, and their lighting design should meet the requirements of these two sports. In addition to a few items such as pole vault, discus, hammer, javelin, etc., track and field sports mostly use low space movement within 3m height; and football should move at a height of 30m or more above the ground. Therefore, the lighting design should also consider a uniform brightness distribution within a certain height above the stadium. 2.2.1 Lighting design to determine the lighting mode Stadium lighting methods are: four corner Corner column arrangements, lateral Side lighting arrangements, peripheral Circle lightingarrangements, hybrid Mixed lighting arrangements. The characteristics of various ways are shown in Table 12. Various lighting methods have their own strengths and there are successful examples. According to the architectural and structural characteristics of the National Stadium, the lighting method of the venue can only choose the side-mounted lighting. There is no doubt that the lateral lighting can easily meet the requirements of the football competition. However, for track and field competitions, there are many small competitions and different dispersions. Different projects have different lighting requirements. If the lateral lighting can not meet the requirements of track and field, the lateral lighting can be extended to the north and south. . In 2000, the main stadium of the Sydney Olympic Games used a mixed type of light, that is, four lighthouses were set at the four corners of the venue, and four light strips were set on both sides of the east and west. 2.2.2 There are many parameters for selecting suitable lamps and lanterns. In the lighting of stadium venues, two points should be noted. First, the shape of the beam, rectangular or trapezoidal beams should be used for the lateral lighting, and it is not suitable to use a circular beam. The other is the beam angle. The smaller the beam angle, the narrower the beam and the farther the projection distance. The National Stadium adopts the side lighting method, two light belts on the east and west sides, one in the middle and rear parts of the ceiling, and one in the middle and front part of the ceiling. The projection distance of the lamps is greater than 50m. Therefore, when selecting lamps, the beam angle should be smaller than 45°.
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