The ice and snow art landscape originated in Harbin. Due to the use of ice and snow as a performance carrier, it has formed a very unique landscape art culture. At present, it has developed into the world's largest ice and snow art landscape, and has formed a unique tourism culture industry with local characteristics. .
Problems and challenges
Ice and snow art landscape is a combination of ice and snow architecture and lighting art. Ice and snow are carriers, and lighting is the soul of ice and snow landscape. The light of the snow and ice landscape has undergone a history of candlelight, incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. Although the ice and snow landscape sculpture and architectural art are becoming more and more perfect, the traditional light source of its application has seriously hindered the improvement of the ice and snow landscape art. The main reasons are as follows:
(1) The traditional light source can't realize the dynamic conversion effect. The static landscape lighting effect that has lasted for nearly 40 years has hindered the improvement of the ice and snow landscape art. The most urgent need is to transform the solidified ice and snow landscape into dynamic and The landscape art of vitality.
(2) The dysentery that cannot be recycled by traditional light sources has brought enormous financial pressure on the construction of ice and snow landscapes. Traditional incandescent and fluorescent lamps are fragile and unrecyclable, requiring repeated inputs every year, and heavy metals in scrapped light sources seriously contaminate the environment. Taking Harbin Ice and Snow World as an example, the number of fluorescent lamps applied in ice and snow landscapes is as high as 400,000 per year. After the landscape is melted, the fluorescent lamps are directly scrapped. The mercury in the lamps has caused serious pollution of 540,000 m3 per year.
(3) Green energy conservation is the development trend and direction of the ice and snow art landscape tourism culture industry. An important cost investment in the world of ice and snow every year is the electricity cost. The traditional light source has low light efficiency, especially in low temperature operation environment. Therefore, the use of green energy-saving lighting source is an effective guarantee for energy saving in ice and snow landscape.
In this context, LED light source has gradually become the development trend of ice and snow landscape lighting with its many advantages. Compared with traditional light sources, LEDs have outstanding advantages such as energy saving, longevity, high reliability, environmental protection, and easy dimming control. However, LED lighting belongs to the emerging industry, especially in the application of ice and snow landscape. Therefore, the research and development of LED light source must clearly grasp the unique lighting characteristics and data indicators of LED, in order to finally meet the demand. So let's take a look at what the ice and snow landscape has for LED lights.
Demand characteristics of ice and snow landscape lighting
From the perspective of the landscape design side, the most concerned issue is the light-emitting effect of the LED luminaire in the ice body, the saliency of the brightness and the stunt display effect that the lighting control system can achieve. The designer must pre-evaluate the design by understanding the content and modeling the ice building modeling and lighting effects to determine the overall artistic effect of the solution. This is an indispensable process for establishing an objective evaluation system for the ice and snow landscape design.
From the perspective of landscape construction, there are two main requirements: one is easy to install and the other is high reliability. Convenient installation emphasizes high construction efficiency, no training, fast wiring, only one tool or even freehand; high reliability emphasizes the low failure rate of LED lighting system, ensuring high efficiency, smoothness and no need Change the installation process of the overhaul. The construction period of the ice and snow landscape is only 15 days, and it is constructed in an outdoor environment below -20 °C. Therefore, the above two requirements are an important guarantee for the smooth implementation of the project.
From the perspective of the landscape management owner, on the basis of meeting the requirements of the design and construction parties, it is necessary to ensure energy saving, good recyclability and low cost. Energy-saving requirements are better realized, because the LED's own light effect is higher than the fluorescent light of the wrapped color film, and the difference in light efficiency is more prominent under low temperature conditions, coupled with the control factors of dimming and color change, so the energy saving of LED ice and snow landscape lighting The effect is much better than fluorescent lights. But to ensure that the recyclability and low cost requirements require us to invest heavily in research and development.
All in all, the design side's requirements are “good resultsâ€, the construction party's requirements are “simple and fastâ€, and the business owner's requirements are “good quality and low priceâ€. The next step is to discuss how to meet these requirements.
LED ice and snow landscape lighting system design plan needs to consider several issues
1, LED ice and snow landscape lighting fixture selection
LED ice and snow landscape lighting fixtures are divided into two types: light-emitting type and light-transmitting type.
Projection type LED lamps refer to types of lamps that project light onto a landscape façade and express the landscape effect through plane reflection. Since the advent of the ice art landscape, designers have sought a lighting solution that only sees ice and does not see the luminaire, which is difficult to achieve during traditional light source applications. The emergence of LEDs provides an effective technical means for the manufacture of "a whole body of illuminated ice." We need to make full use of the unilateral luminescence characteristics of the LED, and embed the LED luminaire into the interior of the ice body so that the normal axis of the illuminator of the luminaire is perpendicular to the viewing direction, so that the observer can not see the illuminating light of the luminaire, and only the reflected light of the illuminating body can be seen. The surface glows. The embedded LED lamps inside the ice body have the best performance on the texture of the ice, so it will become the most widely used type of LED ice and snow landscape lighting. Such luminaires require a large amount of optical radiation power, so high power LED devices are often used as luminaire sources. In addition, some snow sculpture landscapes also require an external light-emitting LED luminaire for façade floodlighting.
The other type is a light-transmitting LED lamp whose optical axis direction is parallel to the viewing direction. Most of the light is directly radiated from the ice facade, so whether it is placed in ice or ice, the most sensitive thing is The light source itself reduces the crystallized texture of the ice and snow landscape material. Usually this type of luminaire is applied to the main body line and outer contour decoration of the ice and snow landscape building.