The photocoupler IC 802 plays a crucial role in the power supply circuit by providing feedback for error signals, which helps maintain stable voltage output. Additionally, it isolates the hot ground of the switching regulator from the cold ground of the main control circuit, ensuring electrical safety and preventing interference between different parts of the system.
The LED inside the optocoupler, located between pins 1 and 2, exhibits unidirectional conduction properties. When tested with a multimeter set to the R×100Ω range, the forward resistance should be very high, ideally approaching infinity. If the resistance between these two pins changes over time, it may indicate degradation or failure of the LED. As the current through the LED increases, the resistance between pins 3 and 4 decreases, allowing more current to pass through the phototransistor on the other side.
In a normal condition, the resistance between pins 1 and 2, as well as between pins 1 and 4, should remain infinite. The optocouplers between pins 1–2, 6–5, and 6–4 all consist of PN junctions, which means they have unidirectional conductivity. However, there may be some variation in the resistance between pins 5 and 4 under different conditions. When pins 1 and 2 are energized, the transistor connected to pins 5 and 4 will turn on, significantly reducing the resistance between them.
This isolation and feedback mechanism is essential for maintaining the stability and reliability of the power supply system, especially in applications where safety and performance are critical. Regular testing and monitoring of these components can help identify potential issues before they lead to system failures.
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